In binary star systems where a main-sequence star is transferring mass to a white dwarf star, which of the following might we observe? (Tick all that apply). Select one or more alternatives: Cataclysmics Variables U U Classical novae Kilonvae Dwarf novae Recurring novae
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- A main sequence star of mass 25 M⊙has a luminosity of approximately 80,000 L⊙. a. At what rate DOES MASS VANISH as H is fused to He in the star’s core? Note: When we say “mass vanish '' what we really mean is “gets converted into energy and leaves the star as light”. Note: approximate answer: 3.55 E14 kg/s b. At what rate is H converted into He? To do this you need to take into account that for every kg of hydrogen burned, only 0.7% gets converted into energy while the rest turns into helium. Approximate answer = 5E16 kg/s c. Assuming that only the 10% of the star’s mass in the central regions will get hot enough for fusion, calculate the main sequence lifetime of the star. Put your answer in years, and compare it to the lifetime of the Sun. It should be much, much shorter. Approximate answer: 30 million years.Please AsapComment on the difference between a nova and supernova. [Note: There are two basic types of supernova.]
- How does a white dwarf differ from a neutron star? (Select all that apply.) A white dwarf is less massive than a neutron star. A neutron star is denser than a white dwarf .A neutron star is less massive than a white dwarf. A neutron star has a smaller radius than a white dwarf .A white dwarf is denser than a neutron star .A white dwarf has a smaller radius than a neutron star.A supernova’s energy is often compared to the total energy output of the Sun over its lifetime. Using the Sun’s current luminosity, calculate the total solar energy output, assuming a 1010 year main-sequence lifetime. Using Einstein’s formula E=mc2 calculate the equivalent amount of mass, expressed in Earth masses. [Hint: The total energy output of the Sun over its lifetime is given by its current luminosity times the number of seconds in a year times its ten billion-year lifetime; ; mass of earth = 6×1024kg; c = 3×108m/s. Your answer should be 200-300 Earth masses.]Describe each of the following in detail, indicating their respective origins and the differences between them: Nova, Supernova type 1, Supernova type II.
- Identify the location in the H-R diagram of the phases of stellar evolution. (For each statement select the proper symbol in the picture.) 1) red giant, helium flash2) white dwarf3) red giant with helium burning shell4) hydrogen fusion in shell around core5) helium fusion in core6) envelope ejected, planetary nebula7) main-sequence star8) helium used up, core collapses9) hydrogen used up, core collapsesWhich of the following most correctly explains why we have not yet observed any white dwarfs derived from M stars: Group of answer choices Most M stars end up as neutron stars or black holes. The lifetime of M stars is longer than the age of the universe. Most M stars are located near the edge of the universe, beyond the visible horizon. Most M stars are members of a binary system, and the white dwarf would be obscured by the glare of the more massive companion. White dwarfs are too dim to be observed with currently available techniques.Which of the following is the most reasonable statement regarding a neutron star? Group of answer choices It consists mostly or entirely of neutrinos. The most common component of a neutron star is hydrogen. The star will turn into white dwarf. All its electrons have been combined with protons. It consists of neutrons and protons floating in a sea of electrons.
- RR Lyrae stars have essentially the same luminosity curve, with periods of up to 1 day. False True 47(Answer don't copy with hand written please)As a star runs out of hydrogen to fuel nuclear fusion in its core, changes within the star usually cause it to leave the main sequence, expanding and cooling as it does so. Would a star with a radius 12 times that of the Sun, but a surface temperature 0.5 times that of the Sun, be more, or less luminous than the Sun? Show and explain your reasoning. You may assume the surface area of a sphere is A = 4πr2.