In a vacuum chamber designed for surface-science experiments, the pressure of residual gas is kept as low as possible so that surfaces can be kept clean. The coverage of a surface by a single monolayer requires about 10 19 atoms per m². What pressure would be needed to deposit less than one monolayer per hour from residual gas? You may assume that if a molecule hits the surface, it sticks.
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- In the lungs, a thin respiratory membrane separates tiny sacs of air from the blood in the capillaries at atmospheric pressure. These sacs are called alveoli (spherical shape), and it is from them that oxygen enters the blood. The diameter of the alveoli is 0.25 mm, and the air inside contains 14% oxygen. If the air behaves as an ideal gas at body temperature of 37 °C, find the number of oxygen molecules in one of the sacs?You are using a microscope to view a particle of lycopodium powder suspended in a drop of water on a microscope slide. As water molecules bombard the particle, it "jitters" about in a random motion (Brownian motion). The particle's average kinetic energy is the same as that of a molecule in an ideal gas (K = 3KBT). The particle (assumed to be spherical) has a density of 250 kg/m³ in water at 17ºC. 2 (a) If the particle has a diameter d, determine an expression for its rms speed in terms of the diameter d. (Enter your answer as a multiple of d-³/2. Assume is in m/s and d-3/2 is in m-3/2. Do not include units in your answer.) Vrms d-3/2 Vrms (b) Assuming the particle moves at a constant speed equal to the rms speed, determine the time required for it to travel a distance equal to its diameter. (Enter your answer as a multiple of d5/2. Assume t is in seconds and d5/2 is in m5/2. Do not include units in your answer.) d5/2 t = (c) Evaluate the rms speed (in mm/s) and the time (in ms)…1. Pressure and bulk modules of an electron gas. (a) Derive a relation connecting the 3 pressure and volume of an electron gas at OK. Hint: Use the result of U == the relation between & and electron concentration. The result may be written as 200 3V 5p B = = p= 10U 3 9V of the electron gas contribution to B. NE N&F and . др (b) Show that the bulk modules B = -V. of an electron gas at OK is av . 5 (c) Estimate for potassium, using Table 1 of the textbook, the value
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- The mean free path of a gas at a temperature T1 and a pressure P1 is 7x10-5 cm. At these temperature and pressure, there are 2x1018 molecules/cm³. Use results from kinetic theory to determine the collision diameter, o. 4.01 Angstrom 5.01 Angstrom 6.01 Angstrom 7.01 AngstromAn argon-40 atom has a mass of 6.64 ✕ 10−26 kg. (a) What temperature (in K) would a gas composed entirely of argon-40 atoms have to be at in order for the rms speed of the atoms to equal the escape speed from Earth, 1.12 ✕ 104 m/s? K (b) What temperature (in K) would a gas composed entirely of argon-40 atoms have to be at in order for the rms speed of the atoms to equal the escape speed from the Moon, 2.37 ✕ 103 m/s? KDetermine how many times per second each molecule moving with rms speed would move back and forth across a 6.4 mm -long room on the average, assuming it made very few collisions with other molecules.To find vx use the equation v2=v2x+v2y+v2z and the fact that molecules have no preferred direction. vrms= 473 m/s