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- Paragraph Drawing The previous scenario is a greatly-simplified demonstration of how antibiotic resistance is selected for in bacteria. It assumes bacterial cells are either totally resistant (BR+, red cells) or completely susceptible (BRo, yellow). In reality, just like people differ in height, with many different heights possible, bacteria in a population can differ along a whole spectrum of resistance. Drag and Drop these labels on to the graph. One label will not be used Least Resistant Use of Use of brincomycin selects AGAINST brincomycin selects FOR these cells these cells Spectrum of Resistance Number of cells Most Resistant Notes Comments 33°FA mutation occurs in a single bacterium that causes it to produce a new enzyme. This enzyme helps the bacterium process nutrients more efficiently, increasing the bacterium's odds of survival. Every 30 minutes, the bacteria in the colony divide, passing their genes on to their offspring. Some bacteria survive, while others do not. Because resources are limited, the colony has a steady population of 114 bacteria. The bacterial colony is shown below at three different time intervals. Assume that the survival trend shown in the diagram continues. At 3.0 hours, the mutant bacteria will make up percent of the entire colony.A mutation occurs in a single bacterium that causes it to produce a new enzyme. This enzyme helps the bacterium process nutrients more efficiently, increasing the bacterium's odds of survival. Every 30 minutes, the bacteria in the colony divide, passing their genes on to their offspring. Some bacteria survive, while others do not. Because resources are limited, the colony has a steady population of 114 bacteria. The bacterial colony is shown below at three different time intervals. Assume that the survival trend shown in the diagram continues. At 3.0 hours, the mutant bacteria will make up how many percent of the entire colony?
- A mutation occurs in a single bacterium that causes it to produce a new enzyme. This enzyme helps the bacterium process nutrients more efficiently, increasing the bacterium's odds of survival. Every 30 minutes, the bacteria in the colony divide, passing their genes on to their offspring. Some bacteria survive, while others do not. Because resources are limited, the colony has a steady population of 114 bacteria. The bacterial colony is shown below at three different time intervals. The picture would be here: Assume that the survival trend shown in the diagram continues. At 3.0 hours, the mutant bacteria will make up _____ percent of the entire colony.There are concerns about overuse and misuse of antibacterial drugs, and the association of these with increased antibiotic resisstance in bacteria. Of the following, which best explains this? Antibiotic exposure directly causes many of bacterial in a population to mutate and develop new antibiotic resistance traits. If antibiotic use occurs repeatedly in a person, the dosage of the drug needs to be increased to work in a patient’s system because he/she will develop physiological tolerance to the antibiotic. Exposure to an antibiotic causes bacteria to die or become stronger; stronger bacteria will be better able to cope with additional exposures to any antibiotic drug, eventually becoming immune to all antibiotics. Antibiotics kill susceptible cells and even a small number of existing resistant bacteria that survive will become the majority of the population that remains, leading to populations that are resistant to this drug.In terms of microbial pathogenicity, molecular Koch's postulates are a set of experimental criteria that show: A microbe is the aetiological agent of a disease A gene encodes a product that contributes to disease A gene encodes a product that contributes to immunity to a disease A mutation does not contribute to disease
- Two-component system (TCS) allows an organism in adapting to changes in the environment. It is available mostly in prokaryotes but is also available to some eukaryotes. a) Justify the importance of TCS.Fill in the Blanks Type your answers in all of the blanks and submit Consider two species of bacteria A and B with the same initial population. The species grow exponentially with growth rate rA = 0.05 for species A and rg = -0.025 for species B. Will the two species of bacteria ever have the same size? Type your answer here (Enter YES or NO) The time at which they reach the same size is t = Type your answer here (Enter -1000 if their size is never equal)How well do you think bioremediation achieves the goal of cleaning up pollution? Your claim should be well explained and backed up with logical reasoning and facts. Support you answer with evidence about the success of genetic technology in manipulating bacterial characteristics, and historical facts about oil spill clean-ups in other parts of the world using the bioremediation process.
- Which of the following is NOT true about Koch's postulates? First developed by Robert Koch, the pioneering German microbiologist In the first step, the microbe that causes a naturally occurring disease is cultured from a "wild" (non-laboratory) animal which has that disease None of the other four answers (All are true about Koch's Postulates) They represent a process for showing a causal association between a specific microbe and a disease If the same microbe from a diseased "wild" (non-laboratory) host causes the same disease in a lab animal and it can be cultured from that lab animal, this proves that the microbe is the cause of the naturally occurring diseaseThe white lines drawn indicate different lineages of bacteria throughout the experiment. The black arrows on the y-axis indicate three horizontal regions of increasing antibiotic concentration — low, medium, and high. Describe what the different groups of colored circles represent in the image to the right and explain how they differ. What has occurred to make them different? Recall that “fitness” in evolution refers to the number of offspring that survive to reproduce in a particular environment. Which group of bacteria, light brown (A) or light blue (B), has the higher fitness as depicted in this image? Explain your selection.A group of friends went on a hiking trip to Wadi Shab, and while swimming in the Wadi they were amazed by the variety of organisms that they saw in the Wadi and the nearby area. Adnan collected a sample of water from the Wadi, soil, and some colorful rocks because he was interested to see which organisms can be found in each sample. 1. Adnan took the collected samples to a Biology Lab and he passed them to you (since you are studying BIOL2101 course) to help him observe the organisms/microorganisms that might be present in the sample. a) What would you use in order to investigate and identify the different kinds of organisms that are present in his samples? b) What would you try to do in order to "separate" the different kinds of organisms from each other (protists fungi, bacteria, etc)?