QUESTION 1In a cross-sectional study, which of the following temporal relationships is present?OA. Enroll a cohort, assess exposure status, examine subsequent outcomesOB. Enroll a cohort based on exposure status, then assess future outcomesOC. Select a cohort based on past exposure status, then measure outcomesD. Select a cohort and simultaneously examine exposures and outcomes

A cross-sectional study is a research method that includes obtaining data from a large number of…

Answered: In a cross-sectional study, which of…

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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For each of the following epidemiological scenarios, draw a DAG that represents the relationships between the variables: A researcher is studying the association between experiencing childhood abuse (A) and the occurrence of depression (D) as an adult. She has reason to believe that alcohol consumption (C) may mediate the relationship between (A) and (D).
In a population-based cohort study, an entire community was interviewed regarding smoking habits and then followed for one year. Upon ascertainment of all lung cancer deaths, the investigator obtained the following data: Number of Individuals Lung Cancer Deaths Smokers 24,500 15 Nonsmokers 10,500 2 Calculate the risk difference per 100,000 per year. Round to the tenth decima
Many people believe that crime rate declines with age. a) Use the data below to verify whether this is true using a scatterplot. b) Is the relationship between crime rate and age strong, medium, or weak? c) Can the correlation coefficient be used to measure the extent to which crime rate is related to age? E Click the icon to view the data. a) Choose the correct scatterplot below. O A. O B. OC. OD. 20,000- 20,000- 20,000- 20,000- 0- Age Age Age Age Does it appear that the crime rate declines with age? O A. The crime rate tends to gradually increase with age. B. The crime rate tends to increase until adulthood, after which it gradually declines. OC. The crime rate tends to increase until middle age, after which it gradually declines. O D. The crime rate tends to gradually decrease with age. b) Is the relationship between crime rate and age strong, medium, or weak? O A. The scatterplot appears to show a medium relationship. B. The scatterplot appears to show a weak relationship. O C. The…
A college student is interested in whether presoaking time has an effect on cleanliness of clothing. He collects the dirty clothes from all of the people in his dorm and randomly assigns clothing to one of four presoak time conditions: 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes. He then asks members of another dorm to rate the cleanliness of the items (they don’t know which clothing got which soaking time). The data are presented below. C) Perform an LSD test and answer the questions that follow (SHOW ALL WORK!!! This can be on the same page as your other ANOVA hand work. Make sure it is inserted and/or uploaded): df error = tcrit (df error) MS error = s = LSD = _____________ Mean Comparisons: Mean5 min vs. Mean10 min = | ___ __ | = ___ ___ Greater than (>) LSD value? __ ___ Significant?__ ___ Mean10 min vs. Mean15 min = |__________________| = ______ Greater…
Correlation studies are often used to help determine whether certain characteristics are controlled more by genetic influences or by environmental influences. These studies often examine adopted children and compare their behaviors with the behaviors of their birth parents and their adoptive parents. One study examined how much time individuals spend watching TV (Plomin, Corley, DeFries, & Fulker, 1990). The following data are similar to the results obtained in the study. a. Compute the correlation between the children and their birth parents. b. Compute the correlation between the children and their adoptive parents. c. Based on the two correlations, does TV watching appear to be inherited from the birth parents or is it learned from the adoptive parents?
Estimate the most likely degree of correlation for the scatterplot Options: a. 0 b. .85 c. -.90 d. -.05
A study is performed to assess the prevalence of use of anti-hypertensive medication (MEDS) in the non-institutionalized U.S. population. The following data are reported for MEDS status of the U.S. population by age-sex group: Table 1 Estimated MEDS Status of the U.S. Population by age and sex group, NHANES study 1999-2018 Males Females Age Group MEDS = yes Na Age Group MEDS = yes Na 18-29 160,617 23,069,867 18-29 168,940 22,132,949 30-39 899,152 18,690,754 30-39 759,532 18,937,878 40-49 2,264,304 18,316,125 40-49 2,257,203 18,816,304 50-59 3,215,688 15,022,905 50-59 4,059,363 15,997,653 60-69 2,936,183 8,400,156 60-69 4,260,975 10,993,805 70-79 1,677,664 4,012,930 70-79 2,953,646 6,012,728 aN = total sample size in specific age-sex groups. a. What is the prevalence of use of MEDS in 40-49 year-old females? b. Suppose a married couple consists…
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use. Do a conclusion about thiS 20.5 "reference" drugs that they imitate. One aspect in which ance times (second received the generic drug first, followed by the reference signed at random to the subjects. Subjects 1 through 10 matched pairs design. Numbers 1 through 20 were as- TABLE 20.5 Absorption extent for two drug first, followed by the generic drug. In all 20.50 Comparing two drugs. Makers of generic drugs must ght-hand and left. reads chow that they do not differ significantly from the Astep "reference" drugs that they imitate. One aspect in which Arugs might differ is their extent of absorption in the klood. Table 20.5 gives data taken from 20 healthy non- smoking male subjects tor one pair of drugs." This is a matched pairs design. Numbers 1 through 20 were as- signed at random to the subjects. Subjects 1 through 10 20. Subject Thread Th Right drug. Subjects 11 through 20 received the reference drug first, followed by the generic drug. In all cases, a washout period separated…
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Based on the image attached, it shows a scatterplot of daily coffee consumption vs. IQ level. Based on the given scatter diagram, choose the correct statement. a. It is a no correlation. The amount of an individual consumes daily consumption has no correlation with his/her IQ level. b. It is a positive correlation. The more amount of an individual consumes daily consumption, the lower their IQ level to be. c. It is a negative correlation. The more amount of an individual consumes daily consumption, the lower their IQ level to be. d. It is a negative correlation. The more amount of an individual consumes daily consumption, the higher their IQ level to be. e. It is a positive correlation. The more amount of an individual consumes daily consumption, the higher their IQ level to be.

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