In a cladogram of placental mammals, laying eggs that are incubated outside of the mother's body would be considered the ancestral state a shared derived characteristic
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In a cladogram of placental mammals, laying eggs that are incubated outside of the mother's body would be considered
the ancestral state
a shared derived characteristic
an example of convergent evolution
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- Flight evolved two times among the animals in this phylogenetic tree; once in birds, and once in bats (mammals). The branches on which flight evolved are marked. Please click where flight would have most likely evolved if it were actually a homologous character Targets placed: 0/1 You can place up to 1 targets Flight Undo Flight Delete selected Hagfish Lampreys Lobe-finned Fish Amphibians Turtles Lizards Snakes Crocodiles Birds Mammals Remove AllOn the right is a phylogeny depicting the relationship among eight animal species (A to H). Next to the species names are the tooth morphology of each species. For example, species A has prominent molar teeth, thus likely a herbivore. On the other hand, species C has prominent canine tooth, thus likely a carnivore. Which of the following statements is correct? O The most recent common ancestor for species A to H is probably a carnivore: O The most recent common ancestor for species A to H is probably a herbivore OIt is impossible to tell what the main food source is for the most recent common ancestor of species A to H. O For species C, D, E, F, G, there are four evolutionary events that lead to the evolution of canine tooth morphology If the common ancestor of species C, D, E, F, G is a carnivore, then the molar teeth for species D is a plesiomorphy. A B D E LL F G H REG a a BA 2015 article in Nature has summarized the early history of jawed vertebrates using highlights from recent discoveries and how they have changed our understanding of vertebrate evolution. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/04/140416133336.htm Question: Given these recent discoveries, how should the cladogram below change? Describe it. It will likely be helpful to reference a synapomorphy noted on the cladogram.
- Which of the following conclusions is most consistent with the information in the evolutionary tree shown below? Each branch point represents the common ancestor of the two lineages diverging from that point. Lungfishes Amphibians Mammals Digit-bearing limbs Lizards and snakes Amnion Crocodiles A hatch mark represents a homologous characteristic shared by all the groups to the right of the mark. Ostriches Feathers Hawks and other birds O Mammals are more closely related to birds than to amphibians. O Lizards and crocodiles (both of which have legs) are more closely related to each other than either is to snakes (which lack legs). O Crocodiles are more closely related to hawks than to lizards. O Modern lungfishes are the common ancestor of modern tetrapods. Tetrapods Amniotes Reptiles BirdsThe phylogenetic tree for vertebrates depicted below was constructed from sequence data for two rRNA mitochondrial genes (12S and 16S). How do the results of this analysis compare with the phylogenetic trees in Figures 32.10 and 32.24? Identify the major clades of vertebrates on the tree depicted below. Source: R. Zardoya and A. Meyer. 1998. Complete mitochondrial genome suggests diapsid affinities of turtles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 95:1422614231. Copyright 1998 National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A.The phylogenetic tree for 12 cat species (Felidae) reproduced at right was assembled from molecular sequence data. Which species is the domestic cats closest relative? Which clade is the sister taxon to tigers? Are bobcats more closely related to cougars or to ocelots? Source: From Warren E. Johnson et al. 2006. The late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment. Science 311:7377.
- Which of the following passages inaccurately describes the evolutionary process? Wings are a highly valuable structure for any species as they increase survivorship and dispersal capabilities. Insect wings are hypothesized to have evolved from dorsal extensions from their thorax that, over generations, were selected for as they helped to absorb solar energy, aiding in thermoregulation. AS mutations continued to accrue, muscles attached to those flaps, making them more motile, and uitimately setting the foundation for wingS. Mammals have three ossicles, or tiny bones, in their middle ear that aid the hearing: the malleus, the incus, and the stapes. The stapes is the oldest of the three bones, having evolved from the pharyngeal arch ll, called the hyoid arch. We know it's the oldest as it is found in tetrapods (the columella) and in some more recently evolved fish. The malleus and incus evolved from bones of their ancestral mammal-like reptiles jaws, the articular and the quadrate…In the past, the evolutionary history of whales was represented by cladogram A, shown below. As you can see, whales were believed to be closely related to mesonychids, an extinct group of mammals that looked similar to wolves. Today, that cladogram has been revised, as shown in cladogram B. Cladogram A Cladogram B Hippos Horses Hippos Whales Ruminants Pigs Camels Horses Mesonychids Time Time Which of the following statements best describes the reason for this change? Cladograms A and B are hypotheses that changed as new evidence became available. Cladogram B was revised to show a water-to-land pattern of evolution in groups of organisms. Cladogram B was altered to better include similarities in habitat as new information became available. Cladograms are organized today to show a much more simplified pattern like the one shown in cladogram B.According to the phylogeny below, which of the following statements is true? Branch point (common ancestor) Lungfishes Amphibians Mammals etrapod limbs Amnion Lizards and snakes Crocodiles Homologous characteristic Otriches +6 Feathers Hawks and other birds A. The most recent common ancestor of all the species shown had tetrapod limbs. B. Amphibians are more closely related to ostriches than they are to lungfish. ) The most recent common ancestor of amphibians and mammals had amnion but did not have four walking limbs. O D. Amnion evolved earlier that the evolution of tetrapod limbs. DE. Crocodiles are more closely related to ostriches than ostriches are to hawks and other birds. Tetrapods Amniotes Birds
- When constructing this phylogenetic tree, several different options were possible. The tree with the least number of evolutionary changes is the one that was chosen as most probable. What is this called? * gizzard see UV light pubdermal fat stores amnlotic ogg 4 limbs lungs O Least parsimony O Modern synthesis O Temporal equilibrium O Maximum parsimony lungfishSnakes evolved from ancestors who had the ability to walk. Some snakes, in fact, still have small pelvis and leg bones that are rermnants from this ancestor. What are these called? * O Vestigial structure Homologous strucre O Sympatric structure Molecular homologyWhich of the following pieces of evidence would best support the argument that humans are more evolutionarily related to fish than they are to insects? All these organisms require oxygen to survive. The earliest fish fossils are found in the lowest strata of sedimentary rocks, followed by insects, and then humans. The early stages of embryo development in fish and humans look strikingly similar while insects develop very differently compared to both fish and humans. Fossils of ancient fish and human ancestors have been discovered in the same sedimentary rock layers.