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Birds today are defined by the presence of feathers. Feathers have many uses to include thermoregulation, communication, sounds production, and of course, flight. Feathers seem to have evolved from reptilian scales likely originally evolved for the purpose of thermoregulation before flight. Mammals have three ossicles, or tiny bones, in their middle ear that aid the hearing: the malleus, the incus, anc stapes. The stapes is the oldest of the three bones, having evolved from the pharyngeal arch II, called the hyoid arch. We know it's the oldest as it is found in tetrapods (the columella) and in some more recently evolve fish. The malleus and incus evolved from bones of their ancestral mammal-like reptiles' jaws, the articular and quadrate bone respectively. Those bones moved into the middle ear as the single dentary bone of mammals evolved.

Birds today are defined by the presence of feathers. Feathers have many uses to include thermoregulation, communication, sounds production, and of course, flight. Feathers seem to have evolved from reptilian scales likely originally evolved for the purpose of thermoregulation before flight. Mammals have three ossicles, or tiny bones, in their middle ear that aid the hearing: the malleus, the incus, anc stapes. The stapes is the oldest of the three bones, having evolved from the pharyngeal arch II, called the hyoid arch. We know it's the oldest as it is found in tetrapods (the columella) and in some more recently evolve fish. The malleus and incus evolved from bones of their ancestral mammal-like reptiles' jaws, the articular and quadrate bone respectively. Those bones moved into the middle ear as the single dentary bone of mammals evolved.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Which of the following passages inaccurately describes the evolutionary process? Birds today are defined by the presence of feathers. Feathers have many uses to include thermoregulation, communication, sounds production, and of course, flight. Feathers seem to have evolved from reptilian scales, and likely originally evolved for the purpose of thermoregulation before flight. Mammals have three ossicles, or tiny bones, in their middle ear that aid the hearing: the malleus, the incus, and the stapes. The stapes is the oldest of the three bones, having evolved from the pharyngeal arch II, called the hyoid arch. We know it's the oldest as it is found in tetrapods (the columella) and in some more recently evolved fish. The malleus and incus evolved from bones of their ancestral mammal-like reptiles' jaws, the articular and the quadrate bone respectively. Those bones moved into the middle ear as the single dentary bone of mammals evolved. The acacia species Acacia hindsii, which is native to tropical dry forests in Central America, has co-evolved with ants of the genus Pseudomyrmex, ultimately becoming obligate mutualists. The ants depend completely on their host plants for nectar and the food bodies rich in proteins and lipids which they require. The acacia also provides shelter, the so-called domatia, in the hollows of swollen thorns. In return for room and board, the ants become bodyguards, protecting their host against herbivores and competing plants. Without this protection, the acacia tree would be out competed or completely destroyed by herbivores. Wings are a highly valuable structure for any species as they increase survivorship and dispersal capabilities. Insect wings are hypothesized to have evolved from dorsal extensions from their thorax that, over generations, were selected for as they helped to absorb solar energy, aiding in thermoregulation. As mutations continued to accrue, muscles attached to those flaps, making them more motile, and ultimately setting the foundation for wings.
Transcribed Image Text:Which of the following passages inaccurately describes the evolutionary process? Birds today are defined by the presence of feathers. Feathers have many uses to include thermoregulation, communication, sounds production, and of course, flight. Feathers seem to have evolved from reptilian scales, and likely originally evolved for the purpose of thermoregulation before flight. Mammals have three ossicles, or tiny bones, in their middle ear that aid the hearing: the malleus, the incus, and the stapes. The stapes is the oldest of the three bones, having evolved from the pharyngeal arch II, called the hyoid arch. We know it's the oldest as it is found in tetrapods (the columella) and in some more recently evolved fish. The malleus and incus evolved from bones of their ancestral mammal-like reptiles' jaws, the articular and the quadrate bone respectively. Those bones moved into the middle ear as the single dentary bone of mammals evolved. The acacia species Acacia hindsii, which is native to tropical dry forests in Central America, has co-evolved with ants of the genus Pseudomyrmex, ultimately becoming obligate mutualists. The ants depend completely on their host plants for nectar and the food bodies rich in proteins and lipids which they require. The acacia also provides shelter, the so-called domatia, in the hollows of swollen thorns. In return for room and board, the ants become bodyguards, protecting their host against herbivores and competing plants. Without this protection, the acacia tree would be out competed or completely destroyed by herbivores. Wings are a highly valuable structure for any species as they increase survivorship and dispersal capabilities. Insect wings are hypothesized to have evolved from dorsal extensions from their thorax that, over generations, were selected for as they helped to absorb solar energy, aiding in thermoregulation. As mutations continued to accrue, muscles attached to those flaps, making them more motile, and ultimately setting the foundation for wings.
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