Evolution on ecological time scales: insects Based on this graph, which of the following statements is true? (b) Flat-podded golden rain tree introduced to central Florida during this time 9.0 A. Beak length has not changed. 8.5 8.0 7.5 B. Beak length has 7.0 decreased. 6.5 C. Beak length has 6.0 increased. 5.5 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 Beak length (mm) •

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Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.