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In 1991, a study was conducted to determine the education levels of people who declare bankruptcy. The percentages are shown in the accompanying table. Also shown in the table is the observed frequency for these education levels from a random samp of individuals who files for bankruptcy in 2017. Use these data to complete parts a through c. Education level Probability 1991 (%) 21.4% Observed Frequency 2017 O 10 No high school diploma High school diploma Some college College diploma Advanced degree 30.8% 39 35.5% 57 8.8% 3.5% 100% 15 4 Total 125 a. Using a = 0.10, perform a chi-square test to determine if the probability distribution for the education levels of individuals who files for bankruptcy changed between 1991 and 2017. What is the null hypothesis, H? O A. The distribution of education levels differs from the claimed or expected distribution. O B. The distribution of education levels is 21.4% no high school diploma, 30.8% high school diploma, 35.5% some college, 8.8% college diploma, and 3.5% advanced degree. OC. The distribution of education levels follows the normal distribution. O D. The distribution of education levels is 10 no high school diploma, 39 high school diploma, 57 some college, 15 college diploma, and 4 advanced degree. What is the alternative hypothesis, H,? O A. The distribution of education levels differs from the claimed or expected distribution. O B. The distribution of education levels is 20% no high school diploma, 20% high school diploma, 20% some college, 20% college diploma, and 20% advanced degree. OC. The distribution of education levels is the same as the claimed or expected distribution. O D. The distribution of education levels does not follow the normal distribution. The test statistic, combining the College diploma and Advanced degree rows, is (Round to ttwo decimal places as needed

In 1991, a study was conducted to determine the education levels of people who declare bankruptcy. The percentages are shown in the accompanying table. Also shown in the table is the observed frequency for these education levels from a random samp of individuals who files for bankruptcy in 2017. Use these data to complete parts a through c. Education level Probability 1991 (%) 21.4% Observed Frequency 2017 O 10 No high school diploma High school diploma Some college College diploma Advanced degree 30.8% 39 35.5% 57 8.8% 3.5% 100% 15 4 Total 125 a. Using a = 0.10, perform a chi-square test to determine if the probability distribution for the education levels of individuals who files for bankruptcy changed between 1991 and 2017. What is the null hypothesis, H? O A. The distribution of education levels differs from the claimed or expected distribution. O B. The distribution of education levels is 21.4% no high school diploma, 30.8% high school diploma, 35.5% some college, 8.8% college diploma, and 3.5% advanced degree. OC. The distribution of education levels follows the normal distribution. O D. The distribution of education levels is 10 no high school diploma, 39 high school diploma, 57 some college, 15 college diploma, and 4 advanced degree. What is the alternative hypothesis, H,? O A. The distribution of education levels differs from the claimed or expected distribution. O B. The distribution of education levels is 20% no high school diploma, 20% high school diploma, 20% some college, 20% college diploma, and 20% advanced degree. OC. The distribution of education levels is the same as the claimed or expected distribution. O D. The distribution of education levels does not follow the normal distribution. The test statistic, combining the College diploma and Advanced degree rows, is (Round to ttwo decimal places as needed

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
6th Edition
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:Amos Gilat
Chapter1: Starting With Matlab
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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### Transcription and Explanation of Task #### Section b: Calculate and Interpret the p-value 1. **Determine a function in Excel for p-value calculation:** Enter the appropriate Excel function that can directly calculate the p-value automatically. (1) _________ 2. **Determine the p-value, considering College diploma and Advanced degree rows:** Compute the p-value and round it to three decimal places. p-value = ________ (Round to three decimal places as needed.) 3. **Interpret the p-value:** Describe what the p-value represents in the context of this analysis. The p-value is the probability of observing a test statistic (2) _________ the test statistic, assuming (3) _________. #### Section c: Conclusion on Bankruptcy Data **Question:** What conclusion can be drawn about the type of individual who filed for bankruptcy in 2017 vs. 1991? 4. **State the Null Hypothesis (H₀):** (4) _________ H₀. 5. **Determine the significance level:** At the 10% significance level, there (5) _________ enough evidence to conclude that the distribution of education levels (6) __________ the (7) _____________. #### Multiple Choice Options: 1. Functions for calculating p-value: - ○ = T.DIST.RT(x, deg_freedom) - ○ = CHISQ.DIST(x, deg_freedom, cumulative) - ○ = CHISQ.DIST.RT(x, deg_freedom) - ○ = NORM.S.DIST.Z(cumulative) - ○ = T.DIST.2T(x, deg_freedom) 2. Comparison for the p-value: - ○ equal to - ○ greater than - ○ less than 3. Assumptions on distribution: - ○ at least one expected frequency differs from 5 - ○ the expected frequencies are all equal to 5 - ○ the distribution of the variable differs from the given distribution - ○ the distribution of the variable is the normal distribution 4. Decision on Hypothesis: - ○ Reject - ○ Do not reject 5. Determination of evidence: - ○ is - ○ is not 6. Distribution conclusion: - ○ differs from - ○ is the same as 7. Distribution type:
Transcribed Image Text:### Transcription and Explanation of Task #### Section b: Calculate and Interpret the p-value 1. **Determine a function in Excel for p-value calculation:** Enter the appropriate Excel function that can directly calculate the p-value automatically. (1) _________ 2. **Determine the p-value, considering College diploma and Advanced degree rows:** Compute the p-value and round it to three decimal places. p-value = ________ (Round to three decimal places as needed.) 3. **Interpret the p-value:** Describe what the p-value represents in the context of this analysis. The p-value is the probability of observing a test statistic (2) _________ the test statistic, assuming (3) _________. #### Section c: Conclusion on Bankruptcy Data **Question:** What conclusion can be drawn about the type of individual who filed for bankruptcy in 2017 vs. 1991? 4. **State the Null Hypothesis (H₀):** (4) _________ H₀. 5. **Determine the significance level:** At the 10% significance level, there (5) _________ enough evidence to conclude that the distribution of education levels (6) __________ the (7) _____________. #### Multiple Choice Options: 1. Functions for calculating p-value: - ○ = T.DIST.RT(x, deg_freedom) - ○ = CHISQ.DIST(x, deg_freedom, cumulative) - ○ = CHISQ.DIST.RT(x, deg_freedom) - ○ = NORM.S.DIST.Z(cumulative) - ○ = T.DIST.2T(x, deg_freedom) 2. Comparison for the p-value: - ○ equal to - ○ greater than - ○ less than 3. Assumptions on distribution: - ○ at least one expected frequency differs from 5 - ○ the expected frequencies are all equal to 5 - ○ the distribution of the variable differs from the given distribution - ○ the distribution of the variable is the normal distribution 4. Decision on Hypothesis: - ○ Reject - ○ Do not reject 5. Determination of evidence: - ○ is - ○ is not 6. Distribution conclusion: - ○ differs from - ○ is the same as 7. Distribution type:
In 1991, a study was conducted to determine the education levels of people who declare bankruptcy. The percentages are shown in the accompanying table. Also shown in the table is the observed frequency for these education levels from a random sample of individuals who filed for bankruptcy in 2017. Use these data to complete parts a through c. ### Education Level Distribution and Frequency | Education Level | Probability 1991 (%) | Observed Frequency 2017 | |-------------------------|----------------------|-------------------------| | No high school diploma | 21.4% | 10 | | High school diploma | 30.8% | 39 | | Some college | 35.5% | 57 | | College diploma | 8.8% | 15 | | Advanced degree | 3.5% | 4 | #### a. Using α = 0.10, perform a chi-square test to determine if the probability distribution for the education levels of individuals who file for bankruptcy changed between 1991 and 2017. **What is the null hypothesis, H₀?** - **A.** The distribution of education levels differs from the claimed or expected distribution. - **B.** The distribution of education levels is 21.4% no high school diploma, 30.8% high school diploma, 35.5% some college, 8.8% college diploma, and 3.5% advanced degree. - **C.** The distribution of education levels follows the normal distribution. - **D.** The distribution of education levels is 10 no high school diploma, 39 high school diploma, 57 some college, 15 college diploma, and 4 advanced degree. **What is the alternative hypothesis, H₁?** - **A.** The distribution of education levels differs from the claimed or expected distribution. - **B.** The distribution of education levels is 20% no high school diploma, 20% high school diploma, 20% some college, 20% college diploma, and 20% advanced degree. - **C.** The distribution of education levels is the same as the claimed or expected distribution. - **D.** The distribution of education levels does not follow the normal distribution. **The test statistic, combining the College diploma and Advanced degree rows, is ________.** (Round to
Transcribed Image Text:In 1991, a study was conducted to determine the education levels of people who declare bankruptcy. The percentages are shown in the accompanying table. Also shown in the table is the observed frequency for these education levels from a random sample of individuals who filed for bankruptcy in 2017. Use these data to complete parts a through c. ### Education Level Distribution and Frequency | Education Level | Probability 1991 (%) | Observed Frequency 2017 | |-------------------------|----------------------|-------------------------| | No high school diploma | 21.4% | 10 | | High school diploma | 30.8% | 39 | | Some college | 35.5% | 57 | | College diploma | 8.8% | 15 | | Advanced degree | 3.5% | 4 | #### a. Using α = 0.10, perform a chi-square test to determine if the probability distribution for the education levels of individuals who file for bankruptcy changed between 1991 and 2017. **What is the null hypothesis, H₀?** - **A.** The distribution of education levels differs from the claimed or expected distribution. - **B.** The distribution of education levels is 21.4% no high school diploma, 30.8% high school diploma, 35.5% some college, 8.8% college diploma, and 3.5% advanced degree. - **C.** The distribution of education levels follows the normal distribution. - **D.** The distribution of education levels is 10 no high school diploma, 39 high school diploma, 57 some college, 15 college diploma, and 4 advanced degree. **What is the alternative hypothesis, H₁?** - **A.** The distribution of education levels differs from the claimed or expected distribution. - **B.** The distribution of education levels is 20% no high school diploma, 20% high school diploma, 20% some college, 20% college diploma, and 20% advanced degree. - **C.** The distribution of education levels is the same as the claimed or expected distribution. - **D.** The distribution of education levels does not follow the normal distribution. **The test statistic, combining the College diploma and Advanced degree rows, is ________.** (Round to
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