I'm conducting an experiment concerned with the binding affinity of tretinoin (all trans retinoic acid) and beta lactoglobulin. This can be accomplished by monitorization of fluorescence quenching of a tryptophanyl residue that resides in a hydrophobic pocket known as a calyx inside the protein. Generally, fluorescence quenching is classified as static or dynamic. Would fluorescence quenching be a result of amide bond formation to tryptophan from tretinoin or through another mechanism (ie FRET: Forester resonance energy transfer)? Could it be both?

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Q: affinity

A:

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Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.