Answered: Illustrate graphically the positive and…

Illustrate graphically the positive and negative deviation from ideal behavior of binary mixtures using T against χ plot..

EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC L

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305446021

Author:Lampman

Publisher:Lampman

Chapter84: Fractional Distillation, Azeotropes

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4P

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Solutions

Solutions can be considered as homogeneous mixtures which contain two or more than two chemical substances. The chemical substance which is the greater part is defined as solvent. And the chemical substance that is dissolved in a solvent is referred to as solute. Solution chemistry plays an important role in chemistry since it supports many commercial applications of solutions.

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Refer to Fig. 5.8 and identify the number of phases present for mixtures of compositions (i) (0.4, 0.1, 0.5), (ii) (0.8, 0.1, 0.1), (iii) (0, 0.3,0.7), (iv) (0.33, 0.33, 0.34). The numbers are mole fractions of the three components in the order (NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, H2O).
4. (1) Write the mathematics expression of Gibbs rules. (2) Using the Gibbs rule to discuss of the freedom F of one component system. (3) Draw and discuss the P-T phase diagram of water system.
Show that in an ideal ternary mixture, the minimum Gibbs energy is obtained if x₁ = x₂ = x3 = 1/1.
In this problem you will model the mixing energy of a mixture in a relatively simple way, in order to relate the existence of a solubility gap to molecular behavior. Consider a mixture of A and B molecules that is ideal in every way but one: The potential energy due to the interaction of neighboring molecules depends upon whether the molecules are like or unlike. Let n be the average number of nearest neighbors of any given molecule (perhaps 6 or 8 or 10). Let Uo be the average potential energy associated with the interaction between neighboring molecules that are the same (A-A or B-B), and let UAB be the potential energy associated with the interaction of a neighboring unlike pair (A-B). There are no interactions beyond the range of the nearest neighbors; the values of Uo and UAB are independent of the amounts of A and B; and the entropy of mixing is the same as for an ideal solution. Find an expression for the maximum temperature at which this system has a solubility gap.
(2.) Sketch a boiling temperature – mole fraction phase diagram for a mixture of A and B (A more volatile than B) showing positive deviations from Raoult's law, labelling the important regions on the diagram, including the azeotropic point. Use the Gibbs phase rule to calculate the number of degrees of freedom for the azeotropic mixture.
Please don't provide handwritten solution .... What is the Gibbs energy of mixing 7.5 mol of gas A with 7.0 mol of gas B at 1 atm, 39.3 oC? Enter your answer in units of kJ to one decimal place.
12.35. Consider a binary mixture for which the excess Gibbs energy is given by GE/RT = 2.6x1x2. For each of the following overall compositions, determine whether one or two liquid phases will be present. If two liquid phases will be present, find their composi- tions and the amount of each phase present (phase fractions). (a) z1 = 0.2 (b) z1 = 0.3 (c) z1 = 0.5 (d) z1 = 0.7 (e) z1 = 0.8
Suppose now that argon is added to the mixture in the previous exercise to bring the composition closer to real air, with mole fractions 0.780. 0.210, and 0.0096, respectively. (a) What is the additional change in molar Gibbs energy and entropy at 298 K? (b) Is the mixing spontaneous?
Given the following vapor composition plot for a mixture of cyclohexane and toluene, determine (a) the boiling temperature of a 0.60 mole fraction toluene liquid mixture and (b) the composition of the vapor.
Section 9.11 P9.27 G. Ratcliffe and K. Chao [Canadian Journal of Chemi- cal Engineering 47 (1969), 148] obtained the following tabulated results for the variation of the total pressure above a solution of isopropanol (Pj = 1008 Torr) and n-decane (P = 48.3 Torr) as a function of the mole fraction of the n-decane in the solution and vapor phases. Using these data, calculate the activity coefficients for both components using a Raoult's law standard state. I| 2 Р (Torr) X2 Y2 942.6 0.1312 0.0243 909.6 0.2040 0.0300 883.3 0.2714 0.0342 868.4 0.3360 0.0362 830.2 0.4425 0.0411 786.8 0.5578 0.0451 758.7 0.6036 0.0489
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Suppose that in a phase diagram, when the sample was prepared with the mole fraction of component A equal to 0.40 it was found that the compositions of the two phases in equilibrium corresponded to the mole fractions xA,α = 0.60 and xA,β = 0.20. What is the ratio of amounts of the two phases?