I II III 6 8 10 5 5 5 1 2 3 0 1 2  G=48 ΣX2 = 294 T I=12 TII= 16 TIII= 20 SS=526 SSII=530 SSIII=538 Assume that the data are from an independent- measures study using three separate samples, each with n = 4 participants, and use an independent- measures ANOVA with an alpha level of .05 to test for signifi- cant differences among the three treatments. Nowassumethatthedataarefromarepeated-mea- sures study using one sample of n = 4 participants and use a repeated-measures ANOVA with a level of .05 to test for significant differences among the three treatments.

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I II III
6 8 10
5 5 5
1 2 3
0 1 2

 G=48

ΣX2 = 294

T I=12 TII= 16 TIII= 20

SS=526 SSII=530 SSIII=538

  1. Assume that the data are from an independent- measures study using three separate samples, each with n = 4 participants, and use an independent- measures ANOVA with an alpha level of .05 to test for signifi- cant differences among the three treatments.

  2. Nowassumethatthedataarefromarepeated-mea- sures study using one sample of n = 4 participants and use a repeated-measures ANOVA with a level of .05 to test for significant differences among the three treatments.

 

Expert Solution
Step 1

For an independent measures study, following data is given:

I

II

III

 

6

8

10

G=48

5

5

5

∑X2=294

1

2

3

 

0

1

2

 

T=12

T=16

T=20

 

SS=26

SS=30

SS=38

 

Level of significance is α=0.05.

Step 2

Numbers of participants in each sample are n=4.

For the independent-measures study, the hypotheses are given below:

Null Hypothesis: There are no significant mean differences between treatments.

Alternate Hypothesis: There are significant mean differences between treatments.

Let k represents the numbers of treatments. Then,

k=3

Let N represents total numbers of participants, then

N=k×n=3×4=12

Then, degrees of freedom corresponding to SSbetween are:

dfbetween=k−1=3−1=2

Then, degrees of freedom corresponding to SSwithin are:

dfwithin=N−k=12−3=9

SSwithin is calculated as:

SSwithin=∑SS=26+30+38=94

Sum of squares between treatments is given as:

SSbetween=T2nG2N=(12)24+(16)24+(20)24(48)212=36+64+100192=8

F-ratio is calculated as:

F=SSbetweendfbetweenSSwithindfwithin=82949=410.444=0.383

From the table B.4B.4 of appendix B in the textbook, critical value corresponding to df=2,9 is 4.26.

Since, F-ratio is less than the critical value; therefore, fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there are no significant mean differences between the three treatments.

Conclusion:

There are no significant mean differences between the three treatments.

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