If DNA polymerase requires a perfectly pairedprimer in order to add the next nucleotide, how is it thatany mismatched nucleotides “escape” this requirementand become substrates for mismatch repair enzymes?

Q: What direction does DNA polymearse only travel in?

A: The question is asking about the directionality of the enzyme DNA polymerase during the process of…

Q: In the Meselson–Stahl experiment thatestablished the semiconservative nature of DNA replication,the…

A: Replication follows the semiconservative mode, which was proved by the experiment conducted by…

Q: What is meant by a primer, and why are primers necessary for DNA replication?

A: Primers are short DNA or RNA sequences complementary to the existing DNA strands. Without a primer a…

Q: What is The molecular mechanisms governing the initia-tion of DNA replication.

A: Initiation of DNA replication involves making the target DNA accessible to the enzymes and proteins…

Q: What are the three main steps for repairing the DNA damages such as the deamination of cytosine…

A: Despite the elaborate proof-reading employed during DNA synthesis, erros can occur. In addition, DNA…

Q: Although DNA polymerases require both a template and a primer, the following single-stranded…

A: DNA polymerases require both a template and a primer to synthesize DNA. However, some…

Q: Reiji and Tuneko Okazaki conducted a now classic experiment in1968 in which they discovered a…

A: The DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) replication occurs in a semi-discontinuous manner. In this process,…

Q: Many of the gene products involved in DNA synthesis were initially defined by studying mutant E.…

A: During DNA replication another copy of DNA is synthesized on DNA template strand using Polymerase…

Q: Polymerases usually add only about 10 nucleotides toa DNA strand before dissociating. However,…

A: Nucleotides are the molecules composed of a sugar moiety, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.…

Q: What would happen if, in the course of replication, the topoisomerases were unable to reattach the…

A: Replication is the process of copying the DNA molecule to form two daughter DNA strands before the…

Q: Why are most DNA-binding proteins specific to certain chemicalgroups within the DNA?

A: DNA is the genetic material that carries genetic information in the form of coded nucleotide…

Q: Suppose that 28% of the nucleotides in a DNA molecule are deoxythymidine 5′- monophosphate, and that…

A: DNA is a double stranded helical polynucleotide. It usually consists of two helices, sequences of…

Q: Polymerases usually add only about 10 nucleotides to a DNA strand before dissociating. However,…

A: The DNA replication is carried out by an enzyme called as DNA polymerase enzyme that can only add…

Q: What would happen to DNA repair in bacteria if MutH is mutated such that is cannot recognize the…

A: In prokaryotes , Mut H involved in mismatch repair syatem.  Mut S can recognise mismatched…

Q: During cellular checkpoints DNA Repair Proteins can edit and patch our DNA through many different…

A: Cell cycle is broadly categorized into 2 phases such as interphase and M phase. Interphase consists…

Q: How do the enzymes involved in the mismatch repair process determine which of the two bases in the…

A: DNA polymerases are the enzymes that build DNA in cells. During DNA replication (copying), most DNA…

Q: Why do DNA Polymerases Require a Primer?

A: DNA Polymerase DNA Polymerase is the enzyme responsible for normal DNA synthesis. Different kinds of…

Q: What is meant by the term semiconservativereplication? What are the functions of DNA Pol I and…

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication is a biological process in which two identical replicas of…

Q: What are the requirements for strand elongation by DNA polymerase enzymes?

A: DNA replication in eukaryotes occurs in three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination,…

Q: What is meant by “error-prone” DNA repair?

A: DNA replication is a process in which two DNA molecules are synthesized from a single DNA molecule.…

Q: What is meant by a primer, and why are primers necessary for DNA replication?

A: DNA replication produces new DNA molecules using the existing DNA strand as a template.

Q: What basal trasncription factors can only bind to the dna within the pre-replication complex after…

A: Basal transcription factors are also known as general transcription factors. These bind to the…

Q: What does it mean to say that extensions by DNA polymerase III proceeds 5' to 3'?

A: DNA replication is a process through which a new copy of DNA is synthesized. DNA polymerase III is…

Q: Why does a fiber ( double stranded molecule or duplex) of DNA shorten upon drying?

A: DNA The double helical structure present inside the nucleus.

Q: Homologous recombination in E. coli forms heteroduplex regions of DNA containing mismatched bases.…

A: MMR of Mismatch Repair system of DNA is referred to as a system for identifying and repairing the…

Q: What are the functions of DNA Pol I and III and DNA helicase and DNA ligase?

A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: An Investigator obtains a bacterial temperature-sensitive mutation that affects a step in the…

A: Most of the replication enzymes are proteinaceous in nature. The structure of a protein is formed by…

Q: Why is the replication of DNA referred to as a semiconservative process? What is the experimental…

A: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) replication is the process of copying the DNA of a cell and creating…

Q: What is the function of DNA helicase and what is the function of the DNA polymerase?

A: DNA helicase It untwists the double helix and separates the two DNA strands. The DNA polymerase is…

Q: How does the synthesis of a daughter DNA strand growing toward a replication fork differ from the…

A: DNA replication is considered a biological process during cell division, where DNA can make a copy…

Q: In terms of new DNA strands that are generated, what are the differences between replication and…

A: DNA replication is the biological method of creating two identical replicas of DNA from a single…

Q: Kornberg showed that nucleotides are added to the 3' end of eachgrowing DNA strand. In what way does…

A: It is majorly present within the nucleus. DNA can exist in different levels of complexity.  Primary…

Q: What are the roles of the other enzymes involved in replication and why they're necessary ?

A: Before cells divide, DNA replication must occur. DNA replication is the complete, faithful copying…

Q: What is the benefit of this complementary nature of DNA?

A: Complementary strands means that where there is Adenine in one of the stand there would be Thymine…

Q: To which end (5′ or 3′) of a newly synthesized strand of DNAdoes DNA polymerase add a nucleotide?

A: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) replication is the coping of the double-stranded DNA to produce 2…

Viral Replication

The virus is acellular and considered non-living outside the host cell. The replication of the virus occurs only inside the living cells. Only a few genes are present in the smallest virus, whereas many genes are present in the largest virus. These genes encode specific viral proteins.