States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
The defects are classified as a result of distortion in the regular repeating pattern of the particles in the solid plane. The defects which can be identified around an atom/ion/particle and having zero dimensionality are known as point defects. These defects can be caused by displacement in position of particles, missing of particles, occupancy of particles in vacant sites.
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