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Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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For each of teh following multistep reactions, read the curved arrows and indentify the sequence of arrow-pushing patterns: 

This image illustrates a step-by-step mechanism of an organic reaction involving a benzene ring and hydroxyl radicals with chlorine radicals. Here's a detailed description: 1. **First Structure:** - The image begins with a benzene ring with a chlorine radical (∙Cl) attacking a hydrogen atom from a phenol (OH bonded to benzene), resulting in an electron shift. 2. **Second Structure:** - A radical is formed on the benzene ring, and hydrogen chloride (HCl) is produced. This step shows an equilibrium with arrows indicating reversible reactions. 3. **Third Structure:** - The lone electron from the chlorine radical is now on the benzene ring, forming a radical there. 4. **Fourth Structure:** - An OH radical attacks the benzene ring with the radical. The circle representing the radical shifts across the ring. 5. **Fifth Structure:** - The hydroxyl group (∙OH) attaches to the benzene ring. A new bond is formed with the hydrogen atom. The OH radical and benzene interaction shows arrow movements indicating electron shifts. 6. **Final Structure:** - The resulting product is a benzene ring with an OH group attached, denoting the completion of the reaction. Arrows in red indicate the movement of electrons throughout the reaction steps. This sequence demonstrates how radicals can mediate the addition of functional groups to aromatic compounds.
Transcribed Image Text:This image illustrates a step-by-step mechanism of an organic reaction involving a benzene ring and hydroxyl radicals with chlorine radicals. Here's a detailed description: 1. **First Structure:** - The image begins with a benzene ring with a chlorine radical (∙Cl) attacking a hydrogen atom from a phenol (OH bonded to benzene), resulting in an electron shift. 2. **Second Structure:** - A radical is formed on the benzene ring, and hydrogen chloride (HCl) is produced. This step shows an equilibrium with arrows indicating reversible reactions. 3. **Third Structure:** - The lone electron from the chlorine radical is now on the benzene ring, forming a radical there. 4. **Fourth Structure:** - An OH radical attacks the benzene ring with the radical. The circle representing the radical shifts across the ring. 5. **Fifth Structure:** - The hydroxyl group (∙OH) attaches to the benzene ring. A new bond is formed with the hydrogen atom. The OH radical and benzene interaction shows arrow movements indicating electron shifts. 6. **Final Structure:** - The resulting product is a benzene ring with an OH group attached, denoting the completion of the reaction. Arrows in red indicate the movement of electrons throughout the reaction steps. This sequence demonstrates how radicals can mediate the addition of functional groups to aromatic compounds.
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