Electronic Effects
The effect of electrons that are located in the chemical bonds within the atoms of the molecule is termed an electronic effect. The electronic effect is also explained as the effect through which the reactivity of the compound in one portion is controlled by the electron repulsion or attraction producing in another portion of the molecule.
Drawing Resonance Forms
In organic chemistry, resonance may be a mental exercise that illustrates the delocalization of electrons inside molecules within the valence bond theory of octet bonding. It entails creating several Lewis structures that, when combined, reflect the molecule's entire electronic structure. One Lewis diagram cannot explain the bonding (lone pair, double bond, octet) elaborately. A hybrid describes a combination of possible resonance structures that represents the entire delocalization of electrons within the molecule.
Using Molecular Structure To Predict Equilibrium
Equilibrium does not always imply an equal presence of reactants and products. This signifies that the reaction reaches a point when reactant and product quantities remain constant as the rate of forward and backward reaction is the same. Molecular structures of various compounds can help in predicting equilibrium.
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ceramic phase dragi
Part 2 Data
14.05819
Mass of Urea (g):
Buret Initial Volume (ml):
catev
Part 2 Calculation:
A. Find the Keg for dissolving urea (saturated solution)
Mass of urea used 4.05819
Moles urea =
Final Temperature of saturated solution (°C):
Buret Final Volume (mL):
fiical-Int
24.90
1.Write the chemical equation for urea dissolving:
CityN₂0 (s) + H₂0 (1) → (H₂N₂O) (aq)
Volume in Liters =
mass of urene =
molar mass of crea
= 0.06758 mcl
2.68x10-3L
2.Calculate the molarity of the urea, [Urea]eam for the saturated solution of urea in water. You
must first find the moles of urea (molar mass 60.05 g/mol). Then you must use the volume
given in the data (above) to find the molarity of the urea in the saturated solution. Show
calculations here.
4.058199
40.05 g/mol
Volume of water used: 3.8%
3. Calculate AG soln
R=8-3145 in mol-1
7=27.6°C = (27+273)
= 300k
Molarity of saturated solution (NOTE: this molarity = Keq ) =
Vuq=25-216m
To do this, use:
27.0
I
6
mL
AS soln
R= 8.314/10-
for KJ
[1m² =10³2]
moles of urea
volume in L
30.06758 mol
2.48 x 103 L
AG soln = - RT In Keq
1750=-ктепкин
A Sol = -(8.314 3v¹ moi) (300m) (in 25.214)
AG soln
8.050 kJ/mol
=
8.050 1103J mol 1
Use: AG soln=AH soln - TAS soln
4. Calculate AS soln
First, re-arrange the equation given above to solve for AS soln
8.050 inmol =
Then plug in the values you got for AG° and AH° to find AS°. Convert your answer to JOULES per
K per mole (J/(K mol))
-3
[143=10²3]
J/(K mol)](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fa2235802-1bf7-4ffe-a35f-5d569b389d43%2Fae6bebb3-a24f-4fea-bd5a-10daf4ba4041%2Fs2oq7fl_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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