I need help with number 3 because I struggle with my homework.  I don't understand. Can you explain to me, please? Can you explain to me about the chiral carbons?

Chemistry
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ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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I need help with number 3 because I struggle with my homework.  I don't understand. Can you explain to me, please? Can you explain to me about the chiral carbons?

11.3) Most monosaccharides contain at least one chiral carbon. You learned that a chiral carbon is a carbon that is surrounded by
four different groups. Molecules with just one chiral carbon have a pair of geometric isomers called enantiomers.
Enantiomers have the same atomic connections, but a different three-dimensional arrangement of atoms, and are
nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other. If a molecule has more than one chiral carbon, then it will have more than
one pair of enantiomers. The number of stereoisomers that a molecule has can be calculated from the number of chiral
carbons. If a monosaccharide has "n" chiral carbons, then it will have 2 stereoisomers.
QUESTION: How many stereoisomers are possible for each of the monosaccharides shown below?
a)
HH OH H OH :O:
I l I hb II
HO-C-C-CC-CC-H
ITT IT
H OH H OH H
4
2 = 16 possible stereoisomers.
b)
HH :O: H
L LILI
HO-
-C-C-CICIH
H OH
2= 2 possible sterevisomers
OH
Transcribed Image Text:11.3) Most monosaccharides contain at least one chiral carbon. You learned that a chiral carbon is a carbon that is surrounded by four different groups. Molecules with just one chiral carbon have a pair of geometric isomers called enantiomers. Enantiomers have the same atomic connections, but a different three-dimensional arrangement of atoms, and are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other. If a molecule has more than one chiral carbon, then it will have more than one pair of enantiomers. The number of stereoisomers that a molecule has can be calculated from the number of chiral carbons. If a monosaccharide has "n" chiral carbons, then it will have 2 stereoisomers. QUESTION: How many stereoisomers are possible for each of the monosaccharides shown below? a) HH OH H OH :O: I l I hb II HO-C-C-CC-CC-H ITT IT H OH H OH H 4 2 = 16 possible stereoisomers. b) HH :O: H L LILI HO- -C-C-CICIH H OH 2= 2 possible sterevisomers OH
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