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I need help with 4 and 5? Also I need help using the 4a equation using the the generic equation the thing I circled in the second picture

I need help with 4 and 5? Also I need help using the 4a equation using the the generic equation the thing I circled in the second picture

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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I need help with 4 and 5? Also I need help using the 4a equation using the the generic equation the thing I circled in the second picture 

1:10 Lab 7 Periodic Trends_Pr... 1 Na+ (g) + Cl (g) NaCl (s) Dashboard Na+ (g) + Cl(aq) CHEM& 161 Lab 7: Peroidic Trends - Prelab and Procedure 2 Step 1: Lattice Energy Step 2: Hydration Energy of Anion Step 3: Hydration Energy of Cation а Figure 1: Qualitative Energy Changes in the Dissolution Process of NaCl lonic solids tend to be soluble as long as the sum of lattice energy and hydration energy is negative or only slightly positive, since random motion usually favors the dissolving process. Calendar D The lattice energies (Figure 1 Step 1) and hydration energies of the anions (Figure 1 Step 2) will be relatively small due to the large size and low charge density of the anions chosen for this experiment. Thus the main variable in determining the solubilities will be the hydration energies of the cations (Figure 1 Step 3). Hydration energy is larger when an ion's charge density is larger. Charge density is the amount of charge per volume of the atom. Here we hope that you will observe a trend from the alkaline earth cation that precipitates with the most anions to the cation that precipitates with the least anions. 3 Na+ (aq) + Cl (aq) To-do 3 Part B - Reactivity of Halogens (Group VIIA) In part B, we will investigate a trend in the properties of the diatomic halogen (Group VIIA) molecules (Cl2, Br2, 12). This investigation is done by a series of reaction tests in which a molecular halogen is added to a different halogen in the Tomhalide ions. If the halogen X₂ can take away the extra electron from halide Y, then the lowing reaction may occur: 66 X₂ (aq) + 2 Y¯ (aq) → Y₂ (aq) + 2 X¯ (aq) If the reaction does not occur, no electron transferred, indicating that Y has a greater affinity for the electron. You will lost the halogen 12, Br2, and 12 against one another in this way and note when reactions occur. You will then rank these elements based on their ability to attract an electron. The reactions take place in aqueous solutions; however, the nonpolar halogen molecules are not very soluble in water, so we will mix the reaction solution with nonpolar hexane in which the halogens are more soluble. Hexane is insoluble in water so it will for a separate layer. Halogen molecules will tend to migrate to the hexane layer where each gives a distinctive color. Thus we can readily detect whether Cl2, Br2, or l2 is present at the end of the reaction. This will indicate whether or not a reaction occurred. MATERIALS AND SAFETY 2 of 8 Notifications Inbox
Transcribed Image Text:1:10 Lab 7 Periodic Trends_Pr... 1 Na+ (g) + Cl (g) NaCl (s) Dashboard Na+ (g) + Cl(aq) CHEM& 161 Lab 7: Peroidic Trends - Prelab and Procedure 2 Step 1: Lattice Energy Step 2: Hydration Energy of Anion Step 3: Hydration Energy of Cation а Figure 1: Qualitative Energy Changes in the Dissolution Process of NaCl lonic solids tend to be soluble as long as the sum of lattice energy and hydration energy is negative or only slightly positive, since random motion usually favors the dissolving process. Calendar D The lattice energies (Figure 1 Step 1) and hydration energies of the anions (Figure 1 Step 2) will be relatively small due to the large size and low charge density of the anions chosen for this experiment. Thus the main variable in determining the solubilities will be the hydration energies of the cations (Figure 1 Step 3). Hydration energy is larger when an ion's charge density is larger. Charge density is the amount of charge per volume of the atom. Here we hope that you will observe a trend from the alkaline earth cation that precipitates with the most anions to the cation that precipitates with the least anions. 3 Na+ (aq) + Cl (aq) To-do 3 Part B - Reactivity of Halogens (Group VIIA) In part B, we will investigate a trend in the properties of the diatomic halogen (Group VIIA) molecules (Cl2, Br2, 12). This investigation is done by a series of reaction tests in which a molecular halogen is added to a different halogen in the Tomhalide ions. If the halogen X₂ can take away the extra electron from halide Y, then the lowing reaction may occur: 66 X₂ (aq) + 2 Y¯ (aq) → Y₂ (aq) + 2 X¯ (aq) If the reaction does not occur, no electron transferred, indicating that Y has a greater affinity for the electron. You will lost the halogen 12, Br2, and 12 against one another in this way and note when reactions occur. You will then rank these elements based on their ability to attract an electron. The reactions take place in aqueous solutions; however, the nonpolar halogen molecules are not very soluble in water, so we will mix the reaction solution with nonpolar hexane in which the halogens are more soluble. Hexane is insoluble in water so it will for a separate layer. Halogen molecules will tend to migrate to the hexane layer where each gives a distinctive color. Thus we can readily detect whether Cl2, Br2, or l2 is present at the end of the reaction. This will indicate whether or not a reaction occurred. MATERIALS AND SAFETY 2 of 8 Notifications Inbox
1) Rank the alkali metal cations (Na+, K+, Rb, and Cs*) from smallest to largest ionic radius. 2) Consider the charges and atomic radii of each alkali metal. Then rank the alkali metal cations from lowest to highest charge density (i.e., charge per atomic volume). 3) Based on your answers to 1 and 2 above, predict which alkali metal cation exhibits the greatest hydration energy. a) Write the equation for the reaction that would occur between aqueous bromide ion (Br) and aqueous chlorine (Cl₂). (Hint: See generic equation in the Introduction.) b) If this reaction occurs, which halogen (Cl or Br) has a greater ability to attract electrons? 5) a) Write the equation for the reaction that would occur between aqueous chloride ion (CI) and aqueous bromine (Br2). b) Can both of the reactions in questions 4a and 5a be favorable (as in, will they occur?) under the same conditions? Answer either YES or NO.
Transcribed Image Text:1) Rank the alkali metal cations (Na+, K+, Rb, and Cs*) from smallest to largest ionic radius. 2) Consider the charges and atomic radii of each alkali metal. Then rank the alkali metal cations from lowest to highest charge density (i.e., charge per atomic volume). 3) Based on your answers to 1 and 2 above, predict which alkali metal cation exhibits the greatest hydration energy. a) Write the equation for the reaction that would occur between aqueous bromide ion (Br) and aqueous chlorine (Cl₂). (Hint: See generic equation in the Introduction.) b) If this reaction occurs, which halogen (Cl or Br) has a greater ability to attract electrons? 5) a) Write the equation for the reaction that would occur between aqueous chloride ion (CI) and aqueous bromine (Br2). b) Can both of the reactions in questions 4a and 5a be favorable (as in, will they occur?) under the same conditions? Answer either YES or NO.
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