Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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![The partition coefficient (P) or distribution coefficient (D) is essentially defined as the ratio
of concentrations of an organic solute in two immiscible solvents (usually water, and a
hydrophobic organic solvent such as ethyl acetate or octanol) in a liquid biphase
at equilibrium, as mentioned by (Speight, 2017), and provides a numerical illustration into
the lipophilicity of the molecule being tested. Lipophilicity is an important physicochemical
property that needs to be tested for any potential new drug and, as both (Stolerman, 2010)
and (Kerns EH., Di L., 2008) [1] state, is essentially how much an organic compound tends to
partition into a non-polar medium compared to an aqueous medium. However, the key
difference between these two concepts is that logP (the logarithm of the partition
coefficient) is only true for compounds that cannot ionise, whereas both (Scherrer and
Howard, 1977) and (Ahuja and Dong, 2005) mention that logD (the logarithm of the
distribution coefficient) accounts for both the un-ionised and ionised forms (at a specified
pH) in the aqueous layer while the organic layer consists of only the unionised form of the
compound. This means that the pH of the aqueous layer therefore impacts LogD (Reijenga
et al., 2013) [1] (termed the pH partition hypothesis), which is buffered with the sole
purpose of preserving it at a selected pH value so as to not substantially alter the solution's
ambient pH when a compound is added to it (Wang et al., 2017) [1]. LogD is therefore the
more useful analysis tool of the two because the pH of the solution is taken into account so
is a vital component in the evaluation of how a drug behaves in different biological
environments that have different pH values, which allows it to be used in the investigation as
to how drugs distribute between different environments in the body.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F4511b60f-cc03-4abb-9b23-f24c9503ef13%2Feaa11c45-5fa9-4804-96f1-72b27d7a5240%2F0bfuxxd_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:The partition coefficient (P) or distribution coefficient (D) is essentially defined as the ratio
of concentrations of an organic solute in two immiscible solvents (usually water, and a
hydrophobic organic solvent such as ethyl acetate or octanol) in a liquid biphase
at equilibrium, as mentioned by (Speight, 2017), and provides a numerical illustration into
the lipophilicity of the molecule being tested. Lipophilicity is an important physicochemical
property that needs to be tested for any potential new drug and, as both (Stolerman, 2010)
and (Kerns EH., Di L., 2008) [1] state, is essentially how much an organic compound tends to
partition into a non-polar medium compared to an aqueous medium. However, the key
difference between these two concepts is that logP (the logarithm of the partition
coefficient) is only true for compounds that cannot ionise, whereas both (Scherrer and
Howard, 1977) and (Ahuja and Dong, 2005) mention that logD (the logarithm of the
distribution coefficient) accounts for both the un-ionised and ionised forms (at a specified
pH) in the aqueous layer while the organic layer consists of only the unionised form of the
compound. This means that the pH of the aqueous layer therefore impacts LogD (Reijenga
et al., 2013) [1] (termed the pH partition hypothesis), which is buffered with the sole
purpose of preserving it at a selected pH value so as to not substantially alter the solution's
ambient pH when a compound is added to it (Wang et al., 2017) [1]. LogD is therefore the
more useful analysis tool of the two because the pH of the solution is taken into account so
is a vital component in the evaluation of how a drug behaves in different biological
environments that have different pH values, which allows it to be used in the investigation as
to how drugs distribute between different environments in the body.
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