I II III II-1 III-1 11-2 Aa 1-1 11-3 Aa 1-2 11-4 Example: Given the pedigree above, what is the probability that the granddaughter (III-1) will be heterozygous?
I II III II-1 III-1 11-2 Aa 1-1 11-3 Aa 1-2 11-4 Example: Given the pedigree above, what is the probability that the granddaughter (III-1) will be heterozygous?
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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![I
II
III
II-1
11-2
Aa
1-1
11-3
Aa
1-2
II-4
III-1
Example: Given the pedigree above, what is the probability that the granddaughter (III-1) will be
heterozygous?
In order to determine the probability that III-1 is heterozygous, we need to determine the
probability of the possible genotypes for her mother (II-2). Because the grandparents are both
heterozygous, we would expect the following genotypic ratios in their offspring: ¼ AA, ½ Aa,
and 14 aa. However, we have to use all possible information, and the circle representing III-1 is
not shaded in, so she cannot be aa. Therefore, we eliminate the probability that II-2 is aa, and the
final probability for II-2 is 1/3 AA and 2/3 Aa. We assume II-1 is AA because he is marrying
into the family and we assume everyone marrying into a family is homozygous wild-type, unless
proven otherwise.
If II-2 is AA, and we assume II-1 is AA, then there is no chance that their daughter (III-1)
is Aa
If II-2 is Aa, and we assume II-1 is AA, then there is a 50% chance that their daughter
(III-1) is Aa
We add these two probabilities to get the final probability that III-1 is Aa
E. Through genetic analysis, we find that II-1 is actually heterozygous. Given this new
information, what is the probability that his daughter (III-1) is heterozygous?
F. If we change the genotype of the grandfather (I-1) to AA, what is the probability
that his granddaughter (III-1) is heterozygous? Continue to assume that II-1 is
heterozygous.
G. Let's go back to assuming that II-1 is AA. However, let's continue to say that I-1 is
also AA. What is the probability that III-1 is heterozygous?](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F387cd1c7-b441-4d8b-8ba8-956e699a7630%2Faa5cf6ba-676e-43e4-b06f-18ba333a0a58%2Filb4k3b_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:I
II
III
II-1
11-2
Aa
1-1
11-3
Aa
1-2
II-4
III-1
Example: Given the pedigree above, what is the probability that the granddaughter (III-1) will be
heterozygous?
In order to determine the probability that III-1 is heterozygous, we need to determine the
probability of the possible genotypes for her mother (II-2). Because the grandparents are both
heterozygous, we would expect the following genotypic ratios in their offspring: ¼ AA, ½ Aa,
and 14 aa. However, we have to use all possible information, and the circle representing III-1 is
not shaded in, so she cannot be aa. Therefore, we eliminate the probability that II-2 is aa, and the
final probability for II-2 is 1/3 AA and 2/3 Aa. We assume II-1 is AA because he is marrying
into the family and we assume everyone marrying into a family is homozygous wild-type, unless
proven otherwise.
If II-2 is AA, and we assume II-1 is AA, then there is no chance that their daughter (III-1)
is Aa
If II-2 is Aa, and we assume II-1 is AA, then there is a 50% chance that their daughter
(III-1) is Aa
We add these two probabilities to get the final probability that III-1 is Aa
E. Through genetic analysis, we find that II-1 is actually heterozygous. Given this new
information, what is the probability that his daughter (III-1) is heterozygous?
F. If we change the genotype of the grandfather (I-1) to AA, what is the probability
that his granddaughter (III-1) is heterozygous? Continue to assume that II-1 is
heterozygous.
G. Let's go back to assuming that II-1 is AA. However, let's continue to say that I-1 is
also AA. What is the probability that III-1 is heterozygous?
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