i) A cat was born with a dominant mutation in the M gene, which makes a muscle protein, and due to this mutation, the claw muscles cannot retract. This makes the unfortunate cat more like a dog. This mutation got passed to the cat's progeny; several generations down, a kitten with the mutant M allele was born with an additional, new mutation in a different muscle protein that restored the claw-retraction ability. j) Cats have "radar ears," that can rotate to face the sound source. The ability to rotate requires both the R1 gene, and the R2 gene. So cats that are R1R1r2r2 cannot rotate their ears. Neither are cats that are r1r1R2R2. But if these cats mate, all of their kittens can rotate their ears. (Hint: this could be an epistasis question, but it is not.) k) A mutant cat was discovered that used oxygen at super high rates. Her metabolism was through the roof! She had 6 kittens-3 girls and 3 boys. All of them had the same high-metabolism phenotype. These 6 kittens went on to have their own kittens, all with their own separate mates; all the kittens of the female cats had the same phenotype, but the kittens of the male cats were all normal. _I) The B1 allele makes blue fur, the B2 makes yellow fur, and cats with B1B2 have green fur because there is a mixture of blue and yellow pigments in the fur which under the microscope appear as separate dots but to the naked eye appear green. m) Cats hiss when they are angry or scared. In order to hiss, they release hot steam from the hissing gland, which makes the hissing sound. The H gene controls whether the hiss is loud or soft; the enzyme encoded by the gene results in either high pressure steam (H; loud hiss) or low pressure steam (h; soft hiss.) However, the W gene controls whether or not water is let into the hiss gland. WW and Ww cats let water in, where it can become steam, but ww cats don't let water in and as a result, there is no hiss even though the gland gets hot. n) The J gene controls how high cats jump; JJ and Jj cats jump higher than jj cats do. The P gene controls how loudly they purr; PP and Pp cats purr more loudly than pp cats do. In a cross between JjPp cats and jjpp cats, half of the offspring jumped high and purred loudly, and half jumped low and purred softly. No cats jumped high but purred softly or jumped low or purred loudly. The J and P genes were mapped to the same chromosome as each other, but not to the same spot on the chromosome. o) Ignore what you learned from a previous question about cat claw genes. In this scenario, unborn kittens whose claws are too sharp pierce the placenta, thus killing the kitten. CC and Cc have normal claws, but cc kittens have extra sharp claws. In a cross between Cc and Cc cats, all of the kittens' genotypes are either CC or Cc; none are cc.