Humans have innate immunity for protection against pathogens that may enter the gut along with food. What are the two barriers that protect the body from such pathogens?
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Q: Why might a fever be beneficial
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Q: Many microbial pathogens enter the gut of humans along with food. What are the preventive barriers…
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Q: Nursing mothers are able to impart some immunity to their infants. Why do you think this is so?
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Q: Which line of defense includes low temperature that inhibits the growth of bacteria?
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Q: Which of these represents a chemical barrier against pathogens?
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- Why is immune tolerance especially important in the upper gastrointestinal tract?Why certain individuals are susceptible to certain diseases, especially chronic conditions such as psoriasis, irritable bowel syndrome, and potentially even obesity ?Why is it dangerous for an individual to have a very high fever left untreated? (Hint: think enzymes)
- Write the various role of micronutrients and antioxidants to improve our immunity ?Why is a starving individual more susceptible to infectious disease than a well-nourished individual?If the food that reaches the duodenum (duodenum) has a pH of approx. 1, which substance is most likely to be released by the epithelial cells? a) CCK that stimulates acid secretion b) Bile salts that stimulate acid secretion c) Histamine which inhibits acid secretion d) Secretin that inhibits acid secretion
- Vascular fluid: A) Is 20% of extracellular fluid B) Is regulated by growth hormone C) Is 60% of extracellular fluid D) Uses the spleen as a reserve E) Is 20% of the extracellular fluid and uses the spleen as a reserveYou are going to go out with a bunch of friends to a restaurant with the best pizza in town. Your favorite is the pizza covered with cheese, tomato and lots of garlic and onions. The only problem is that you know that later in the evening you will be suffering from heartburn and indigestion. Decades ago, the only choice was to take some antacids after overeating pizza, but today there are multiple choices of preventative medications that act to stop heartburn before it starts. The stomach is a highly acidic environment that is further acidified after ingestion of food, which triggers a hormone-stimulated cascade. This hormone stimulation results in the activation of a H+ /K+ ATPase channel ("proton pump") that releases additional protons into the stomach cavity. Heartburn occurs when the acid in the stomach undergoes reflux and backs up into the esophagus, giving you that burning feeling in the chest. There are three types of remedies available. 1. Antacids such as calcium carbonate…Crohn disease causes inflammatory reactions that damage the lining of the intestines. In areas where attacks are occurring, the inflammation can cause damage to the entire lining, so that the contents of the lumen of the intestine are exposed to, for example, the peritoneal cavity. Describe the layers that this inflammation would need to penetrate in order to damage the entire wall of the intestine. Inflammation begins at the epithelial lining.
- Chylomicrons are synthesized within the: A) Intestinal cells B) Liver C) Storage compartment of plant seeds D) Lymphatic systemWhich of the following is not considered a "first line of defense" against pathogens? a) lysozyme b) macrophages Oc) gastric juices d) mucous membranesStephanie is in her first year of college and has recently come down with a cold. She is running a slight fever of 100°F. Explain to her why a fever is beneficial.