Humans have 46 pairs of chromosomes while chimpanzees have 48 pairs. It is proposed that the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees had 48 chromosomes. Fusion of two ancestral chromosome led to the formation of chromosome 2 in human. Propose a mechanism for how 46 chromosomes would have been propagated in humans, considering sexual reproduction as the means of reproduction.

Q: Chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans all have 48 chromosomes, whereas humans have 46. Human…

A: When a part of a chromosome breaks off and gets translocated to another chromosome, leading to…

Q: DNA is nicked in preparation for the transfer of single-stranded DNA via conjugation when DNA from…

A: The process of recombination in bacteria and the crossing over in diploid cells are similar process.…

Q: Bacteria populations display genetic variation such as antibiotic resistance due to mutation. Which…

A: Bacteria reproduce asexually through a process called binary fission. In this process, a parent…

Q: How much  is the weight of  1 copy of the human haploid genome  ?

A: The genome of an organism refers to the hereditary information, which is encoded in the DNA of the…

Q: Give a reason for the discontinuous synthesis of DNA on one of the parental strands?

A: DNA( deoxyribonucleic acid) is the double-stranded molecule that is the genetic material in most…

Q: Describe why Sthenelais limicola an ideal organism for the demonstration of crossing over between…

A: Answer:          CROSSING OVER BETWEEN CHROMOSOMES- The process of exchange of genetic material…

Q: illustrate that the homologous chromosomes are still connected to each other even after the…

A: Homologous chromosomes are the two molecules of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) having the same gene…

Q: Imagine that Species A and Species B are closely related species. Species A has one hemoglobin gene,…

A: Genes are the functional unit of DNA that is responsible for the production of RNA by the…

Q: An organism has three copies of every chromosome. Some of the chromosomes are from one species, and…

A: Polyploidy is the condition in which a normally diploid cell or organism acquired one or more…

Q: ive barrier is most likely to prevent interbreeding between a polyploid species and its diploid…

A: Speciation can be defined as the splitting of the population into two or many species, such that the…

Q: Explain Arrangement of mating-type loci on chromosome III in the yeast S. cerevisiae.

A: The genotype of the mating locus (MAT) is determined the yeast mating type. In the cases of  s.…

Q: how mispairing of homologous chromosomes could have led to the formation of a gene that codes for a…

A: *Unequal crossing over occurs when loci is similar in sequence will undergo homologous recombination…

Q: Most homologous chromosomes are not the same at the end of prophase I as they were at the beginning…

A: 'During  prophase I the homologous chromosomes condense in structure and look like x shape. In early…

Q: Pick the statement about chromosome structure that is FALSE.     Gene duplications provide an…

A: Chromosomes are long DNA molecule which carries the genetic information of an organism. They are…

Q: Discuss the origin of the 23 chromosome pairs in a diploidhuman cell.

A: Chromosomes are composed of DNA molecules and proteins and are located inside the nucleus. These…

Q: describe   Rapid chromosomal evolution in mice on the island of Madeira.

A: Step 1 The origin of species due to chromosome speciation is connected with the phenomenon of…

Q: During what genetic process are lampbrush chromosomes present in vertebrates?

A: Chromosomes are filamentous bodies found in the nucleus. They are self-replicating and are visible…

Q: Metacentric chromosomes have a centromere located:   A. near the middle of the chromosome…

A: The centromere is the specialized DNA sequence of a chromosome that links a pair of sister…

Q: In eukaryotic species, sexual reproduction is the producer of genetic diversity. Describe three…

A: In eukaryotes, sexual reproduction is the process in which new recombinations are produced. These…

Q: Describe the initial experiment on Tetrahymena. Describe the role of telomere in DNA replication.

A: The genetic information of organisms is stored in their DNA and RNA.

Q: Verteberate Hox genes are arranged on the chromosome in what kind of order?

A: Vertebrates like mice also have hox genes. It is a subset of homeobox genes. Hox genes are arranged…

Q: Which of the following is a FALSE statement regarding human chromosomes?   A. The chromosome…

A: Introduction :- Chromosomes are threadlike structures made up of protein and a single molecule of…

Q: 1)Ganarles contain one kind of each chromosome because the homologous chromosomes separate during…

A: Homologous chromosomes are the chromosomes having two pieces of DNA in a diploid organism which have…

Q: explain the Pairing of chromosomes as bivalents during tetraploidy

A: The thread-like structures present inside the nucleus of cells are known as chromosomes. It is…

Q: As pointed out in the section Evolution of the Y Chromosome, some researchers have predicted that…

A: Chromosomes are long thread-like structures that carry coded genetic information in the form of DNA.…

Q: How is homologous recombination for DNA repair different from recombination in meiosis? Choose all…

A: Homologous recombination (HR) is a significant DNA repair process in bacteria.  Also, produce…

Q: Suppose genetic analysis reveals a serious mutation in a gene in the green region of the left-hand…

A: Chromosomes are filamentous bodies present in the nucleus. They have the ability of self-replication…

Q: Which of the following will tend to lose genes over evolutionary time due to sex chromosome…

A: In mammals there are two sex chromosomes. One is X and other is Y. In birds, the two sex chromosomes…

Q: What structure is most important in forming the tetrads? a. centromere b. synaptonemal complex c.…

A: Chromosomes are the rod shaped, dark stained bodies which are most prominently seen in the metaphase…

Q: Write down what letter combinations were on each of the 4 sister chromatids (a) before (b) after…

A: Before crossing over sister chromatids are : AA, BB, aa, bb After crossing over sister chromatids…

Q: Which of the following is false? Group of answer choices With a pericentric inversion, there is no…

A:

Q: A research scientist is studying diseases associated with homologous chromosomes and notices that…

A: Homologous chromosomes are the two pieces of DNA within a diploid individual that carry same genes…

Q: How could researchers have determined that the rhesus monkeys Mito and Tracker (see Fig. 15.19)…

A: A small circular DNA that is found inside mitochondria is called mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA. This…

Q: (d) Scientists believe that the yellow fern arose from hybridization with another fern on the…

A: Hybridization is common and considered as a critical developmental drive to extend intraspecific…

Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.