DNA is nicked in preparation for the transfer of single-stranded DNA via conjugation when DNA from the donor cell is pairing of homologous sequences during meiosis DNA is nicked during the formation of chiasmata transferred to a recipient bacterium Recombination requires nicking of DNA in bacteria. Recombination requires nicking of DNA in eukaryotes. Recombination requires pairing of homologous sequences in bacteria. Recombination requires pairing of homologous sequences in eukaryotes.

DNA is nicked in preparation for the transfer of single-stranded DNA via conjugation when DNA from the donor cell is pairing of homologous sequences during meiosis DNA is nicked during the formation of chiasmata transferred to a recipient bacterium Recombination requires nicking of DNA in bacteria. Recombination requires nicking of DNA in eukaryotes. Recombination requires pairing of homologous sequences in bacteria. Recombination requires pairing of homologous sequences in eukaryotes.

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter17: Metabolism: An Overview

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 13P: What Art the Features of the Series of -omes? Define the following terms: a. Genome b. Transcriptome...

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The terms conjugation, transduction, and transformation are usedto describe three different natural forms of genetic transferbetween bacterial cells. Briefly discuss the similarities and differencesamong these processes?
Researchers who study the molecular mechanism of transformationhave identified many proteins in bacteria that function in theuptake of DNA from the environment and its recombination intothe host cell’s chromosome. This means that bacteria have evolvedmolecular mechanisms for the purpose of transformation by extracellularDNA. What advantage(s) does a bacterium derive from importing DNA from the environment and/or incorporating it into its chromosome?
In a bacterial culture in which all cells are unable to synthesizeleucine (leu-), a potent mutagen is added, and the cells areallowed to undergo one round of replication. At that point, samplesare taken, a series of dilutions are made, and the cells areplated on either minimal medium or minimal medium containingleucine. The first culture condition (minimal medium) allowsthe growth of only leu+ cells, while the second culture condition(minimal medium with leucine added) allows growth of all cells.The results of the experiment are as follows: Culture Condition Dilution ColoniesMinimal medium 10-1 18Minimal medium + leucine 10-7 6What is the rate of mutation at the locus associated with leucinebiosynthesis?
By conducting conjugation experiments between Hfr and recipientstrains, Wollman and Jacob mapped the order of many bacterialgenes. Throughout the course of their studies, they identified severaldifferent Hfr strains in which the F-factor DNA had been integratedat different places along the bacterial chromosome. A sample of theirexperimental results is shown in the table:Draw a map that shows the order of genes and the locations ofthe origins of transfer among these different Hfr strains?
Homologous recombination in E. coli forms heteroduplex regions of DNA containing mismatched bases. Why are these mismatches not eliminated bythe mismatch repair system?
You are analyzing the intracellular DNA intermediates formed during the replication of the single-stranded (ss) DNA phage M13. In a replication mutant, you find accumulation of DNA molecules with the following properties:Results of a 0.7% agarose gel electrophoresis run at pH 8.0 – gel is running top tobottom, with the origin at the top of the diagram. The smudges indicate several bandswith slightly different migration rates. open circle M13closed circle M13 Left lane — markers (wild-type open circle M13 and closed circle M13)2nd lane — DNA extracted from mutant M13 phage cells3rd lane — DNA extracted from mutant M13 phage cells denatured4th lane — DNA extracted from normal M13 phage cellsRight lane — DNA extracted from normal M13 phage cells denaturedProfiles from a 5 – 20% sucrose gradient centrifuging of the mutant M13 phage DNA The arrow on the neutral (pH 7.4) gradient shows the position of the covalently closed circular DNA. On the alkaline (pH 12.5) gradient, note two peaks…
. E. coli chromosomes in which every nitrogen atom is labeled (that is, every nitrogen atom is the heavy isotope15N instead of the normal isotope 14N) are allowed to replicate in an environment in which all the nitrogen is 14N.Using a solid line to represent a heavy polynucleotidechain and a dashed line for a light chain, sketch each ofthe following descriptions:a. The heavy parental chromosome and the productsof the first replication after transfer to a 14N medium,assuming that the chromosome is one DNA doublehelix and that replication is semiconservative.b. Repeat part a, but now assume that replication isconservative.c. If the daughter chromosomes from the first divisionin 14N are spun in a cesium chloride density gradientand a single band is obtained, which of the possibilitiesin parts a and b can be ruled out? Reconsider theMeselson and Stahl experiment: What does it prove?
Bacteriophage T7 helicase movesalong DNA in the 5' -to-3' direction.Other helicases have been reportedto move in the 3' -to-5' direction. Isthere any fundamental reason why you would expect helicases to move in one direction or the other?
during bacterial transformation, DNA that enters acell is not an intact chromosome; instead it consists ofrandomly generated fragments of chromosomal DNA.In a transformation where the donor DNA was from abacterial strain that was a+ b+ c+ and the recipient wasa b c, 55% of the cells that became a+ were also transformed to c+. But only 2% of the a+ cells were b+. Isgene b or c closer to gene a?
In addition to correcting DNA mismatches, themismatch repair system functions to prevent homologousrecombination from taking place between similar but notidentical sequences. Why would recombination betweensimilar, but nonidentical sequences pose a problem forhuman cells?
By conducting conjugation experiments between Hfr and recipientstrains, Wollman and Jacob mapped the order of many bacterialgenes. Throughout the course of their studies, they identified severaldifferent Hfr strains in which the F-factor DNA had been integratedat different places along the bacterial chromosome. A sample oftheir experimental results is shown in the following table: A. E xplain how these results are consistent with the idea that thebacterial chromosome is circular.B. Draw a map of the bacterial chromosome that shows the orderof genes and the locations of the origins of transfer among thesedifferent Hfr strains.
. In two isolates (one is resistant to ampicillin and theother is sensitive to ampicillin) of a new bacterium,you found that genes encoding ampicillin resistanceare being transferred into the sensitive strain. . To determine if the gene transfer is transformationor transduction, you treat the mixed culture of cellswith DNase. Why would this treatment distinguishbetween these two modes of gene transfer? Describethe results predicted if the gene transfer is transformation versus transduction