Bacterial Genomics
The study of the morphological, physiological, and evolutionary aspects of the bacterial genome is referred to as bacterial genomics. This subdisciplinary field aids in understanding how genes are assembled into genomes. Further, bacterial or microbial genomics has helped researchers in understanding the pathogenicity of bacteria and other microbes.
Transformation Experiment in Bacteria
In the discovery of genetic material, the experiment conducted by Frederick Griffith on Streptococcus pneumonia proved to be a stepping stone.
Plasmids and Vectors
The DNA molecule that exists in a circular shape and is smaller in size which is capable of its replication is called Plasmids. In other words, it is called extra-chromosomal plasmid DNA. Vectors are the molecule which is capable of carrying genetic material which can be transferred into another cell and further carry out replication and expression. Plasmids can act as vectors.
why Genes Are Tightly Packed in Bacterial
Genomes?
Bacteria are single celled microorganisms and the bacterial cell structure is simpler than the other organisms. Bacteria don’t have the nucleus that’s why their DNA content is found in the nucleoid, which is a region of cytoplasm without membrane, or as a plasmid. Their genetic information is contained in a single loop of the DNA that means they have circular DNA.
Bacterial genome is less variant in size and usually smaller among species when compared with the eukaryotic genomes. Their genomes can range in size from about 130 kbp to 14 Mbp.
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