how the mechanism of beta oxidation of fatty acid in plants is differ from animal's?explain briefly
Q: Whether the inability to fully break down the amino acids lysine, hydroxylysine, and tryptophan may…
A: Fatty acid oxidation is the aerobic process of breaking down a fatty acid into acetyl-CoA units…
Q: Consider the synthesis of lauric acid (12:0) by the fatty acid synthase. How many total ATPS are…
A: The fatty acid synthesis was initiated by carboxylation of acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA. This reaction…
Q: The Citric Acid Cycle results in (Choose all that apply) net oxidation of acetyl CoA carbons to two…
A: The biochemical reaction in aerobic conditions involving the release of stored energy through the…
Q: Predict the function of each of the following enzyme: 1. Pyruvate carboxylase
A: Introduction: Pyruvate carboxylase catalyzes the carboxylation of pyruvate to form oxaloacetate.
Q: Write down the subunits of the Fatty Acid Synthase enzyme.
A: Fatty acid synthase is an enzyme that takes part in the synthesis of fatty acids. It is composed of…
Q: Show how the following fatty acid is oxidized: CH, CH,CH,CH,CH– CH,-C-OH Indicate at which points…
A: Fatty acids act as building block for fats in our body and they are also found in the foods we eat.…
Q: In the beta oxidatiin pathway when the starting fatty acid contains n carbons what is the priduct of…
A: Beta Oxidation of fatty acids is a process in which the fatty acids are broken down to produce…
Q: explain the steps of beta-oxidation in fatty acid metabolism
A: Fatty acids are long chains of hydrocarbons attached with carboxylic group. The hydrocarbon chain…
Q: Compare the energy cost, in ATP equivalents, of synthesizing stearate from mitochondrial acetyl-CoA…
A: The synthesis of fatty acids is not simply a reversal of the degrading route. Rather it consists of…
Q: Explain why inhibiting the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase might not affect a person’s body mass.
A: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a biotin-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the irreversible…
Q: Suppose that a G protein undergoes a mutation that allows the exchange of GTP for GDP to occur even…
A: Glucagon is a peptide hormone released from the alpha-islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. Glucagon…
Q: Propose a reaction mechanism for the condensation of acetyl CoA and glyoxylate in the glyoxylate…
A: The glyoxylate cycle allows plants and some microorganisms to synthesis acetyl CoA from acetate…
Q: Starting with a 4-carbon growing fatty acid attached to the ketoacyl synthase (KSase) site, and a…
A: Fatty acid metabolism includes Fatty acid biosynthesis (an anabolic process) and β-…
Q: Which of the following is the correct account for acetyl CoA, NADH , and FADH2 for the…
A: Fatty acids are the simplest form of lipids and serve as constituents in a large number of complex…
Q: Considering the complete oxidation of an 18-C fatty acid. Give the answer for the following…
A: Beta oxidation is a catabolic pathway that converts fatty acid molecules to acetyl CoA. The site of…
Q: Identify and briefly discuss each mechanism ensuring against simul- taneous fatty acid synthesis and…
A: Glucose acts as the main source of energy. Breakdown of fatty acids takes place when all the glucose…
Q: Which of the following is NOT part of the multi-enzyme complex of fatty acid synthase? O…
A: Fatty acids are long chain carboxylic acids. These are synthesized in cytosol. The precursor is…
Q: Describe the mechanism in which NADH is involved in the activation of oxygen molecules in fatty acid…
A: The desaturation of fatty acids is done by an enzyme called fatty acyl-CoA desaturase. It removes…
Q: Describe the metabolic pathway by which glucose can be converted into fat. How can end-product…
A: Ans: Metabolic pathways: It is the step wise interconnected biochemical process in which substrates…
Q: which of the below is the product of β-enoyl-ACP reductase:
A: Fatty acid synthesis is a cyclic process. After each cycle, the length of the fatty acid increases…
Q: A. Predict the function of each of the following enzymes: Pyruvate carboxylase Lactase Cytochrome…
A: Enzymes are biomoclules that are synthesised by the translation of genetic information. Information…
Q: In step 2 of the fatty acid biosynthesis, the acetyl-S-synthase condenses the acetyl group (L2) with…
A:
Q: The complete oxidation of which fatty acid to CO2 will yield 11 FADH2 and 23 NADH + H* ?
A: Fatty acid oxidation takes place in the inner mitochondria membrane where long-chain fatty acid is…
Q: 20.14 Predict the name of the enzyme that catalyzes each of the fol- lowing reactions: a. hydrolyzes…
A: Catalysts are molecules that elevate the rate of the chemical reaction without undergoing any change…
Q: Fatty acid synthesis requires the activation of acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA. However, its condensation…
A: Fatty acids are broken down to acetyl Co-A and the precursor for the fatty acid synthesis is acetyl…
Q: In fatty acid oxidation, each cycle shortens the fatty acid being catabolised by 2 carbons,…
A: Beta oxidation is the process by which fatty acids are partially oxidized and broken down into a 2…
Q: Why is isomerization of Glc-6-P to Fruc-6-P important in glycsolysis? To regulate the pathway To…
A: Glycolysis is the series of metabolic reactions where glucose is breakdown into pyruvate. This helps…
Q: Enzymes occasionally display weak "side" activities. Draw the structure of the product (other than…
A: Pyruvate is formed in the last step of glycolysis with release of one ATP per molecule, catalyzed by…
Q: Which of the following produces the highest number of reducing equivalent molecules per mole of a…
A: In bichemistry, reducing equivalent refers to the chemical species which transfer the equivalent of…
Q: Compare and contrast the pathways of fatty-acid breakdown and biosynthesis. What features do these…
A: Introduction Fatty acid metabolism is associated with the step-wise building up of biologically…
Q: List three differences between fatty acid synthesis and β-oxidation.
A: Fatty acid synthesis : It is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and NADPH through the…
Q: Consider the complete oxidation os a 16-C fatty acid. Answer the questions that follow. Use…
A: Beta-oxidation is the oxidation of fatty acids on the beta-carbon atoms, it results in the…
Q: Compare the ATP yield from the complete oxidation of glucose, a sixcarbon carbohydrate, and hexanoic…
A: The energy source of produce from the electron transport chain was 1 molecule of FADH2 yields 1.5…
Q: Compare the oxidation states of glucose and pyruvate. Explain why glycolysisgenerates NADH.
A: In cells, glucose, a six-carbon sugar, is converted into smaller sugars through a series of…
Q: Complete oxidation of a 16-carbon fatty acid can yield 129 molecules of ATP.
A: The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle does not directly produce any adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The…
Q: How does each of the following regulate citric acid cycle? (a) High levels of Succinyl-CoA (b) High…
A: The citric acid cycle involves the oxidation of acetyl-CoA into CO2 and H2O. During this process,…
Q: The complete oxidation of which fatty acid to CO2 will yield 11 FADH2 and 23 NADH + H+ ? (Give the…
A: Beta-oxidation is the catabolic process in which fatty acids are converted to acetyl-CoA. The…
Q: Place the following list of reactions or relevant locations in the β oxidation of fatty acids in the…
A: Beta oxidation of fatty acid occurs in the mitochondria of the cell.Carnitine acts as a carrier…
Q: Explain how fatty acids are constructed two carbon atoms at atime while the immediate donor of these…
A: Fat is the important energy source for the body. Fat is made of fatty acids and glycerol. Fatty…
Q: Consider the synthesis of a C15 saturated fatty acid from acetyl-CoAs. Calculate how many NADPH and…
A: For the synthesis of 16-carbon fatty acid (palmitate), 8 acetyl CoA are required. There are total 7…
Q: Provide an explanation for the intracellular separation of fatty acid biosynthesis (cytoplasm) and…
A: Introduction: Lipids play an important role in the formation and function of the cell.
Q: Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about fatty acid activation before β-oxidation? I.…
A: Asked : Statement is true or not.
Q: Write down the beta oxidation pathway of fatty acid metabolism.
A: Beta oxidation is a catabolic process of fatty acid molecules break down to produce energy. The long…
Q: Explain why pyruvate cannot be converted to glucose in an exact reverse of the glycolysis pathway.
A: Glycolysis is the metabolic breakdown of glucose into pyruvate and releasing energy in the process.…
Q: Consider a 12-carbon saturated fatty acid, calculate the following: a. number of acetyl CoA b.…
A: Catabolism of fatty acids includes three steps - 1. Activation of fatty acid 2. Beta oxidation 3.…
Q: Why palmitate molecule generated a total of 129 ATPs for complete oxidation? compute the ATP…
A: Fatty acid metabolism includes Fatty acid biosynthesis (an anabolic process) and β- oxidation of…
Q: Cells often use the same enzyme reaction pattern for analogous metabolic conversions. For example,…
A: The citric acid cycle involves the oxidation of acetyl-CoA, with the formation of NADH, FADH2, GTP,…
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- In step 2 of the fatty acid biosynthesis, the acetyl-S-synthase condenses the acetyl group (C2) with a malonyl-ACP (C3) and subsequent decarboxylation to acetoacetyl-ACP (C4). Give the molecule [A] after condensation and before decarboxylation in the reaction below. synthase (A] ACP + CO2 + HS synthase ACP HO S.Fatty acid synthesis is largely the reverse of beta oxidation, yet there are some distinct differences. From the statements below, which of the following is inaccurateconcerning fatty acid metabolism? Both processes use mobile electron carriers Both beta oxidation and fatty acid synthase use a carrier group The first step in fatty acid degradation pathway and biosynthetic pathway are regulated C2 unit of acetyl moiety is used in both fatty acid degradation and fatty acid biosynthesis Both processes occur in a unique, specific location (Compartmentalization)Can you explain the process of beta-oxidation for saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, and the synthesis of even-numbered saturated fatty acids, including the reactants, enzymes involved, and products, and provide a visual representation of the pathways?
- Can the carbons in ketones be metabolized and wind up in a glucose monosaccharide? If yes, using merely the information presented in class, outline a possible metabolic route for these carbons. If no, explain why not.Mechanistically, how does NADPH facilitate the removal of an oxygen atom from intermediates in fatty acid synthesis?Triglyceride is an important energy reserve material for human body. When sugar supply is insufficient, triglyceride can be powered by B oxidation and decomposition of fatty acids. When sugar intake is excessive, triglyceride can also be synthesized by de novo synthesis. List the differences between the fatty acid beta oxidation pathway and the de novo synthesis pathway (identify at least five differences)
- Cells often use the same enzyme reaction pattern for analogous metabolic conversions. For example, the steps in the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and of a-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA, although catalyzed by different enzymes, are very similar. The first stage of fatty acid oxidation follows a reaction sequence closely resembling a sequence in the citric acid cycle. Use equations to show the analogous reaction sequences in the two pathways.Consider oleic acid (18:1∆9): 1. How many NADH will be produced from complete oxidation of this fatty acid? 2. How many FADH2 will be produced from complete oxidation of this fatty acid? 3. Total number of ATP produced from NADH in complete oxidation of oleic acid (exclude transport cost of the fatty acid)? 4. Total number of ATP produced from FADH2 in complete oxidation of oleic acid (exclude transport costs of the fatty acid)? Please provide how you got them.Identify whether each of the following is involved in b-oxidation or fatty acid synthesis?(a) NAD+(b) Malonyl-ACP
- Compare and contrast the pathways of fatty-acid breakdown and biosynthesis. What features do these two pathways have in common? How do they differ?Describe how a) Mean Arterial Pressure, b) Maximal Oxygen Consumption, and c) Blood Flow are determined using its formula. In addition, you should explain what those factors are including cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, resistance, a-vO2 difference, etc. Describe how many ATPs can be generated by complete cycles of beta oxidation of free fatty acid with 20 carbons. You should indicate how many cycles of beta oxidation and Krebs cycle, and total number of products as wellFatty acid synthesis requires the activation of acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA. However, its condensation with a fatty acyl ACP results in the addition of only its two carbons. What is the thermodynamic advantage of the activation reaction? . The condensing enzyme requires a 3-carbon compound as substrate. Cleavage of CO2 from malonyl CoA provides the energy to allow for condensation to occur. It is the activate form of the two carbon acetyl CoA necessary for condensation. It makes malonyl CoA unstable. The reaction is a reversal of the 2-oxidation which is a spontaneous process.