Musculoskeletal System
The musculoskeletal system, also called the locomotor system, is an organ system that gives humans and animals the ability to move using their muscular and skeletal systems. It provides stability, form, support, and movement to the body. The skeleton is composed of bones (skeleton), muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissue that supports and binds tissues and organs together. The musculoskeletal system is subdivided into two broad systems, such as the muscular system and the skeletal system.
Skeletal structure
The skeletal system is the core framework of the human body. The skeletal structure comprises bones and connective tissue, including cartilage, ligaments, and tendons. The skeletal structure of our body acts as a support structure. It maintains the body's shape and is responsible for its movement, blood cell formation, protection of organs, and mineral storage. The skeletal system is referred to as the musculoskeletal system.
How is dopamine activity related to schizophrenia,
drug addiction, and Parkinson’s disease?
Dopamine is a very important neurotrnasmitter synthesised in the brain as well as in the periphery and involved in regulating motor functions, voluntary actions, cognitive functions, reproductive actions, motivation, reward and punishment functions.
It also regulates the synthesis of other hormones and catecholamines.
It acts through dopaminergic receptors, adrenergic receptors.
Actions:
1. Mesolimbic pathway: Associated with punishment, reward, pleasure(goal oriented behaviour)
2. Mesocortical pathway: Associated with motivational and emotional behaviours.
3. Nigrostriatal pathway: Associated with coordination of movement.
4. Tuberinfundibular pathway: Regulates secretion of prolactin
5. Dopamin has inotropic effect on heart.
In the substantia nigra of the brain, dopamine mainly regulates movement.
Parkinson's disease is characterised by degeneration of nigrostriatal neurons, thus reducing dopamine levels.
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