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Is there a statistically significant difference in mean calcium intake in patients with normal bone density as compared to patients with osteopenia and osteoporosis?
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- The leader of two postpartum women’s support groups is interested in the depression levels of the women in her groups. She administers the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) screening test to the members of her groups. The CES-D is a 20-question self-test that measures depressive feelings and behaviors during the previous week. The mean depression level from the screening test for the 10 women in the first group is μ₁ = 16; the mean depression level for the 14 women in the second group is μ₂ = 10. Without calculating the weighted mean for the combined group, you know that the weighted mean is:PLEASE ANSWER ASAP: A case-control study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between physical activity and coronary heart disease (CHD) in men. A total of 406 men newly diagnosed with CHD were included together with 406 men of similar ages who did not have CHD. The risk of CHD (measured by the OR) was higher among men who were inactive or only moderately active (collectively called ‘inactive’) than among those who were physically active: (See attached image) Odds ratio for inactive men compared to active men= (299 x 136)/(270 x 107)=1.41Suppose there is no misclassification in these data.What would the observed OR have been... 1. If 20% of all the inactive men had been misclassified as active? 2. If 10 % of inactive cases had been misclassified as active?An investigator is using a chi-square test to compare the proportion of patients with a successful recovery after receiving one of 4 treatments. There were 25 subjects in each group. What is the critical value for testing no association or treatment and response?
- Colorectal surgery is associated with a high rate of surgical site infection (SSI). Complications arising from SSI significantly increase an individual's length of hospital stay, reduce quality of life, and can also lead to additional health care needs. Outcomes of 2,919 colorectal surgeries were collected for research, including age and whether an individual developed a surgical site infection. Medical researchers would like to use this sample data to learn about health outcomes for colorectal surgery. One question medical researchers were hoping to answer is whether the difference in the ages of colorectal surgery patients who develop SSI and those who do not is too great to have resulted from sampling error alone. Perform a two-sample t-test for comparing two population means to answer this question.A credit score is used by credit agencies (such as mortgage companies and banks) to assess the creditworthiness of individuals. Values range from 300 to 850 with a credit score over 700 considered to be a quality credit risk. According to a survey, the mean credit score is 705.6. A credit analyst wondered whether high-income individuals (incomes in excess of $100,000 per year) had higher credit scores. He obtained a random sample of 34 high-income individuals and found the sample mean credit score to be 724.4 with a standard deviation of 84.4. Conduct the appropriate test to determine if high-income individuals have higher credit scores at the α=0.05 level of significance. 1) Find: P-value 2) Make a conclusion regarding the hypothesis.Mental Health A study was performed looking at the effect of physical activity on cognitive function among adults at high risk for Alzheimer's disease. There were 170 eligible subjects randomly assigned to either an exercise intervention (exercise group) or a control intervention (control group). The subjects were followed at 6-month intervals up to 18 months of follow-up. The primary assessment scale was the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog). The results at 18 months of follow-up among participants with mild cognitive impairment are given in the table below. (Let population 1 be the exercise group and population 2 be the control group. Use exercise group control group.) Mean difference from baseline (18-month score minus baseline score) among participants with mild cognitive impairment in the ADAS-Cog score* Mean change 95% CI n H₁: Exercise group Control group USE SALT -0.37 (-1.37, 0.63) 48 -0.43 (-1.35, 0.49) 52 (a) What is the standard deviation of…
- Calculate an odds ratio A group of teens ages 13-17 with anxiety were chosen as cases in a case-control study. A second group of teens ages 13-17 without anxiety were chosen as controls for the same study. The researchers were investigating if attention deficient and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a potential risk factor (exposure) for anxiety (outcome). The medical histories of cases and controls were examined to determine if participants had been diagnosed with ADHD between ages 8 and 10. Among cases (teens with anxiety), 77 had been diagnosed with ADHD between ages 8 and 10 and 34 had not been diagnosed with ADHD between ages 8 and 10. Among controls (teens without anxiety), 18 had been diagnosed with ADHD between ages 8 and 10 and 124 had not been diagnosed with ADHD between ages 8 and 10. Calculate the odds ratio to measure the association between being ADHD and anxiety in teens. Express your answer to the nearest tenth or 1 place past the decimal (example: 15.4).According to the American Lung association, lung cancer account for 28% of all cancer deaths in the US. A new type of screening for lung cancer, computed tomography (CT), has been developed. Medical researchers believe CT scans are scans are more sensitive than regular X-rays in pinpointing small tumors. The Cancer Center at the University of South Florida is currently conducting a clinical trial of 50,000 smokers nationwide to compare the effectiveness of CT scans with X-ray for detecting lung cancer (Today’s Tomorrows, Fall 2002). Each participating smoker is randomly assigned to one of the two screening methods, CT or chest X-ray, and his or her progress is tracked over time. The age at which the scanning method first detects a tumor is the variable of interest. A. Identify the data collection method used by the cancer researchers. B. dentify experimental units of the study. C. Identify the type of the variable measured. D. Identify the population and sample.Show the impact of sample size on power?
- Acne is a common skin disease that affects most adolescents and can continue into adulthood. A study compared the effectiveness of three acne treatments and a placebo, all in gel form, applied twice daily for 12 weeks. The study's 517 teenage volunteers were randomly assigned to one of the four treatments. Success was assessed as clear or almost clear skin at the end of the 12 week period. The results of the study can be seen in the table below. Using the appropriate statistical test, determine if there is significant evidence that the four treatments perform differently. If so, how do they compare.Ride services are on the rise, such as Uber and Lyft. You wondered if the recent news reports of crime occurring with these ride services impacted the usage of them, especially with women. You decide to conduct a survey about ride service usage among male and female college students. The results showed that 19 males use ride services and 11 do not. While 12 females use ride services and 18 do not. Calculate the chi-square statistic:In intaglio printing, a design or figure is carved beneath the surface of hard metal or stone. Suppose that an experiment is designed to compare differences in mean surface hardness of steel plates used in intaglio printing (measured in indentation numbers), based on two different surface conditions-untreated and treated by lightly polishing with emery paper. In the experiment, 40 steel plates are randomly assigned-20 that are untreated, and 20 that are treated. The results of the experiment are in the “Intaglio” data in Chapter 10_HW_Data.xls. Assuming that the population variances from both conditions are equal, is there evidence of a difference in the mean surface hardness between untreated and treated steel plates? (use α = 0.05) Determine the p-value in (a) and interpret its meaning. In addition to equal variances, what other assumption is necessary in (a)? Repeat Problem (a), assuming that the population variances from untreated and treated steel plates are not…