Homeotic (Hox genes in vertebrates) code for expression of that regulate the OD) Transcription factors, genes that determine segment identity and structure OC) Poly-A tails, that code for proteins that control muscle differentiation OE) Transcription factors, genes that control muscle differentiation OA) Operators, inducible genes coding for enzymes in metabolic pathways
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- What is the primary mechanism by which eukaryotes control transcription during cellular differentiation? O Posttranslational control of proteins through ubiquitination and phosphorylation O Regulatory transcription factors that influence chromatin structure and bind to regulatory regions O Inhibition of RNA polymerase through the expression of inhibitory enzymes O Production of microRNAs to disable mRNAs that should not be expressed O Alternative splicing of genes in different tissue types1. (a) Binding of inducer protein to repressor protein Gene is switched ON Gene is switched OFF Does NOT affect the gene expression (b) Repressor protein binding at DNA upstream Gene is switched ON Gene is switched OFF Does NOT affect the gene expression (c) Operator is not bound with the repressor Gene is switched ON Gene is switched OFF Does NOT affect the gene expressionIn bacteria, Which of the following mechanisms is the least probable in promoting antibiotic resistance? In bacteria, which of the following mechanisms is the least likely to promote antibiotic resistance? Select one: a chromosomal mutation that alters membrane permeability O receiving a gene that codes for an enzyme that destroys a particular antibiotic O receive a gene or genes that code for the production of the capsule a chromosomal mutation that alters the shape of the drug receptor O receiving a gene or genes that code for a "multidrug resistant" pump
- Control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells occurs at which level(s)? a. only the transcriptional level b. epigenetic and transcriptional levels c. epigenetic, transcriptional, and translational levels d. epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levelsResearchers have identified a mutation in the LMNA gene, which encodes some of the pro- teins in the nuclear envelope to be associated with the development of muscular dystrophy and other auto-immune diseases. Which of the following best describes a likely direct effect of a mutation of the LMNA gene? A It directly alters the production of ATP within the affected cells. B с D It directly alters the intake of nutrients in the affected cells. It directly alters the folding of proteins into their functional shape. It directly alters the synthesis of proteins from nucleic acid sequences within the af- fected cells.How can an enhancer that regulates expression of a given gene be active in one tissue but inactive in another? O Any of these answers can be right O The enhancer sequence can be different in different tissues O Protein(s) that bind the enhancer can be present in some tissues but absent in others The sequence of the promoter that the enhancer regulates can be different in different tissues O The genes that encode protein(s) that bind the enhancer can be present in some tissues and absent in others
- I am confused about how stem cell transplants works. If you put a semi differentiated tadpole nucleus in a denucleated egg cell, it’ll develop into a fully formed tadpole, but if you put a fully differentiated tadpole nucleus, it won’t (because the genes have already been expressed in a way where the cytoplasmic determinants cannot operate to the fullest). Then how come in stem cell transplants, you use adult nucleuses that are already developed and transplant them into the denucleated egg cells?Control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells occurs at which level(s)? Lüffen birini seçin: a. epigenetic and transcriptional levels O b. post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels O c. only the transcriptional level O d. epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels O e. epigenetic, transcriptional, and translational levels5. This diagram illustrates regulation of the Pitx-1 gene, which is expressed in various cell types • during certain stages of animal embryonic development. Answer the questions that follow: Promoter Coding Region Pelvis Olfactory Jaw Regulatory Segments ("Switches") a. Which portion of this sequence gets transcribed and translated into a protein? b. Which portion of this sequence underwent a deletion mutation in certain species of freshwater stickleback fish? Did that mutation have an impact on the amino acid sequence of the protein, when it was expressed? С. d. If this switch underwent the same mutation in a turtle embryo, how would the turtle's phenotype be impacted? е. Would this phenotypic change in the turtle likely be adaptive? Briefly explain.
- Analysis of Hunchback mRNA expression tells us what about Hunchback gene expression? That the Hunchback gene is always on That the Hunchback gene is not expressed in the fruit fly That the Hunchback gene is turned on and off during development Nothing1. (a) Tryptophan-repressor complex binds to operator Gene is switched ON Gene is switched OFF Does NOT affect the gene expression (b) Operator is not bound with the repressor Gene is switched ON Gene is switched OFF Does NOT affect the gene expressionThe following diagram illustrates four genes from the genome of a certain insect. Different binding sites are labeled in the enhancer region of each gene. enhancer promoter ABC D E Gene 1 A D Gene 2 АС DE Gene 3 ABD Gene 4 In order for a specific gene to be expressed in the insect's cells, all of the gene's binding sites must be bound by transcriptional activators. • The insect's brain cells contain activators that bind to sites A, C, D, and E • The insect's salivary gland cells contain activators that bind to sites A, B, and D Which of the following is the most likely pattern of gene expression for the insect described above? Gene 2 will be expressed in both brain and salivary gland cells Both gene 1 and gene 4 will be expressed in salivary glands, but neither will be expressed in brain cells Gene 1 will be expressed in both brain and salivary glands Both gene 2 and gene 3 will be expressed in brain cells, but neither will be expressed in salivary gland cells