[H,o*] (M) [OH"] (M) pH pOH Sample Solution 102 10-15 -1 15 10° or 1 10-14 14 1 M HCI 10-1 acidic 10-13 1. 13 10-2 gastric juice lime juice 1 M CH,CO,H (vinegar) stomach acid 10-12 12 10-3 10-11 11 104 10-10 wine 10 10-5 10-9 orange juice 9. coffee 106 10-8 6. 8. rain water 10-7 10-7 pure water 10-8 10-6 neutral 8. 6. blood 10-9 ocean water baking soda 10-5 9. 10-10 104 10 4 10-11 10-3 11 Milk of Magnesia 10-12 10-2 12 2 household ammonia, NH3 10-13 10-1 13 1. bleach 10-14 10° or 1 14 1 M NaOH 10-15 101 basic 15 -1 Figure 14.2 The pH and pOH scales represent concentrations of [H3O*] and OH", respectively. The pH and pOH values of some common substances at standard temperature (25 °C) are shown in this chart. LO 3. 2. 3. LO
Ionic Equilibrium
Chemical equilibrium and ionic equilibrium are two major concepts in chemistry. Ionic equilibrium deals with the equilibrium involved in an ionization process while chemical equilibrium deals with the equilibrium during a chemical change. Ionic equilibrium is established between the ions and unionized species in a system. Understanding the concept of ionic equilibrium is very important to answer the questions related to certain chemical reactions in chemistry.
Arrhenius Acid
Arrhenius acid act as a good electrolyte as it dissociates to its respective ions in the aqueous solutions. Keeping it similar to the general acid properties, Arrhenius acid also neutralizes bases and turns litmus paper into red.
Bronsted Lowry Base In Inorganic Chemistry
Bronsted-Lowry base in inorganic chemistry is any chemical substance that can accept a proton from the other chemical substance it is reacting with.
Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration and the hydroxide ion concentration in wine from its pH. as shown for useful information.
![[H,o*] (M) [OH"] (M)
pH
pOH
Sample Solution
102
10-15
-1
15
10° or 1
10-14
14
1 M HCI
10-1
acidic
10-13
1.
13
10-2
gastric juice
lime juice
1 M CH,CO,H (vinegar)
stomach acid
10-12
12
10-3
10-11
11
104
10-10
wine
10
10-5
10-9
orange juice
9.
coffee
106
10-8
6.
8.
rain water
10-7
10-7
pure water
10-8
10-6
neutral
8.
6.
blood
10-9
ocean water
baking soda
10-5
9.
10-10
104
10
4
10-11
10-3
11
Milk of Magnesia
10-12
10-2
12
2
household ammonia, NH3
10-13
10-1
13
1.
bleach
10-14
10° or 1
14
1 M NaOH
10-15
101
basic
15
-1
Figure 14.2 The pH and pOH scales represent concentrations of [H3O*] and OH", respectively. The pH and pOH
values of some common substances at standard temperature (25 °C) are shown in this chart.
LO
3.
2.
3.
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