While confined here in the Birmingham city jail, I came across your recent statement calling my present activities "unwise an untimely." Seldom do I pause to answer criticism of my work and ideas... But since I feel that you are men of genuine good will and that your criticisms are sincerely set forth, I want to tr to answer your statement in what I hope will be patient and reasonable terms. ..I am cognizant of the interrelatedness of all communities and states. I cannot sit idly by in Atlanta and not be concerned about what happens in Birmingham. Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere... Birmingham is probably the most thoroughly segregated city in the United States. Its ugly record of brutality is widely known. Negroes have experienced grossly unjust treatment in the courts. There have been more unsolved bombings of Negro homes and churches in Birmingham than in any other city in the nation. These are the hard, brutal facts of the case. On the basis of these conditions, Negro leaders sought to negotiate with the city fathers. But th latter consistently refused to engage in good faith negotiation. ...You may well ask: "Why direct action? Why sit ins, marches and so forth? Isn't negotiation a better path?" You are quite right in calling for negotiation. Indeed, this is the very purpose of direct action. Nonviolent direct action seeks to create such i crisis and foster such a tension that a community which has constantly refused to negotiate is forced to confront the issue... But I must confess that I am not afraid of the word "tension." I have earnestly opposed violent tension, but there is a type of constructive, nonviolent tension which is necessary for growth... The purpose of our direct action program is to create a situation so crisis packed that it will inevitably open the door to negotiation...

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What does MLK say is purpose or cause of writing this latter?
While confined here in the Birmingham city jail, I came across
your recent statement calling my present activities "unwise an
untimely." Seldom do I pause to answer criticism of my work
and ideas... But since I feel that you are men of genuine good
will and that your criticisms are sincerely set forth, I want to tr
to answer your statement in what I hope will be patient and
reasonable terms.
..I am cognizant of the interrelatedness of all communities
and states. I cannot sit idly by in Atlanta and not be concerned
about what happens in Birmingham. Injustice anywhere is a
threat to justice everywhere... Birmingham is probably the
most thoroughly segregated city in the United States. Its ugly
record of brutality is widely known. Negroes have experienced
grossly unjust treatment in the courts. There have been more
unsolved bombings of Negro homes and churches in
Birmingham than in any other city in the nation. These are the
hard, brutal facts of the case. On the basis of these conditions,
Negro leaders sought to negotiate with the city fathers. But th
latter consistently refused to engage in good faith negotiation.
...You may well ask: "Why direct action? Why sit ins, marches
and so forth? Isn't negotiation a better path?" You are quite
right in calling for negotiation. Indeed, this is the very purpose
of direct action. Nonviolent direct action seeks to create such i
crisis and foster such a tension that a community which has
constantly refused to negotiate is forced to confront the
issue... But I must confess that I am not afraid of the word
"tension." I have earnestly opposed violent tension, but there
is a type of constructive, nonviolent tension which is necessary
for growth... The purpose of our direct action program is to
create a situation so crisis packed that it will inevitably open
the door to negotiation...
Transcribed Image Text:While confined here in the Birmingham city jail, I came across your recent statement calling my present activities "unwise an untimely." Seldom do I pause to answer criticism of my work and ideas... But since I feel that you are men of genuine good will and that your criticisms are sincerely set forth, I want to tr to answer your statement in what I hope will be patient and reasonable terms. ..I am cognizant of the interrelatedness of all communities and states. I cannot sit idly by in Atlanta and not be concerned about what happens in Birmingham. Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere... Birmingham is probably the most thoroughly segregated city in the United States. Its ugly record of brutality is widely known. Negroes have experienced grossly unjust treatment in the courts. There have been more unsolved bombings of Negro homes and churches in Birmingham than in any other city in the nation. These are the hard, brutal facts of the case. On the basis of these conditions, Negro leaders sought to negotiate with the city fathers. But th latter consistently refused to engage in good faith negotiation. ...You may well ask: "Why direct action? Why sit ins, marches and so forth? Isn't negotiation a better path?" You are quite right in calling for negotiation. Indeed, this is the very purpose of direct action. Nonviolent direct action seeks to create such i crisis and foster such a tension that a community which has constantly refused to negotiate is forced to confront the issue... But I must confess that I am not afraid of the word "tension." I have earnestly opposed violent tension, but there is a type of constructive, nonviolent tension which is necessary for growth... The purpose of our direct action program is to create a situation so crisis packed that it will inevitably open the door to negotiation...
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Introduction

Dr Martin Luther King Jr:

He was instrumental in ending legal, politically sanctioned racial segregation in the United States. He insists on quiet opposition as a way to bring about political change, focusing on biblical qualities rather than fear-driven issues of the government. On August 28th, 1963, at the Walk on Washington. He was most famous for his "I Have a Fantasy" discourse, which he followed up with a speech at the Democratic National Convention (DNC) later that year.

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