Historically, chromium (Cr) has been used in numerous industrial processes, including leather tanning and metal plating operations. In these applications, if the water is mildly acidic, the Cr is typically present as bichromate (HCrO4) and/or dichromate (Cr2O72-) ions. These ions can be interconverted by the reaction: Cr₂O7²- + H₂O The standard Gibbs energies of formation of HCrO4, Cr₂O7², and H₂O are -764.8, -1301, and -237.18 kJ/mol, respectively. Compute the equilibrium constant for the conversion of HCrO4 to Cr₂O7²-. 2HCrO4

Q: Calculate the pH of a buffer containing 0.1 M HC2H3O2 (aq) mixed with 0.1 M NaC2H3O2 (aq)?

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Q: The following acid-base reaction occurs spontaneously in the gas phase at 25.0 °C: NH₂(g) + HCl(g) =…

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Q: Calculate the solubility (in g/L) of CaSO4(s) in 0.450 M Na₂SO, (aq) at 25°C. The Kp of CaSO, is…

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Q: Determine if the following salt is neutral, acidic or basic. If acidic or basic, write the…

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Q: What is the value of K for this aqueous reaction at 298 K? A + B =C+ D AG° = 12.16 kJ/mol K =

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Q: Calculate the equilibrium concentration of Ag*(aq) in a solution that is initially 0.130 M AgNO3 and…

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Q: The partial pressure of O₂(g), referred to as P(O₂(g)), in the lungs is 0.210 atm. The Keq of oxygen…

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Q: The pH of an aqueous solution of 0.291 M ammonium perchlorate, NH4ClO4 (aq), is This solution is -5…

A: Concentration of NH4ClO4 = 0.291 MKb of NH3 = 1.80×10-5

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Q: HA(aq) = H* (aq)+ A¯(aq) Derive the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. (b) () Calculate the pH of a…

A: A) First Drive Henderson equation :  For this reaction, Ka = { [H+][A-] / [HA] }  Ka = [H+] × ( [A-]…

Q: Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) is a commonly used buffer for experiments in biology because its pH…

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Q: The pH of an aqueous solution of 3.91×10-2 M potassium fluoride, KF (aq), is ? And it is acidic,…

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Q: The concentration of calcium carbonate in a sample of water saturated with the solid was found to be…

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Q: Calculate the molar enthalpy of dissolution ΔsHm of the reaction.

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Q: Calculate the standard enthalpy change for the reaction 2A + B 2C + 2D where the heats of formation…

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Q: transferred to a flask and titrated using 0.432 M HCl. The endpoint was found to be 4.73 mL of the…

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Q: Calculate the molar solubility of Cd(OH)2 (s) in an aqueous solution buffered at pH = 9.00 at 25 °C.…

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Q: The value of K, for acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) is 3.00x104. What is the value of Kp, for its…

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Q: An aqueous solution is prepared that is initially 0.100 M in CdI4^2-. After equilibrium is…

A: By applying equilibrium concept we can determine the value of Kd.

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Q: The value of K, for phenol (a weak acid) is 1.00×10-10. What is the value of Kp, for its conjugate…

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Q: Sketch the pH curve of a solution containing 0.10 M NaCH3CO2(aq) and a variable amount of acetic…

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Q: What is the value of K for this aqueous reaction at 298 K? A+B=C+D AG = 13.67 kJ/mol K =

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Q: The Ksp of lead (II) bromide is 1.86⋅10−51.86⋅10−5 . What is the concentration of bromide in a…

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Q: What is the AG for the following reaction (in kJ mol¹)? Cu₂O (s) Cu (s) + CuO (s) To solve, use…

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A: (a)

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Q: K for nitrous acid, HNO₂, is 4.5 X 10-4. What is the value of K, for the nitrite ion, NO₂?

A:

Q: What is the value of K for this aqueous reaction at 298 K?

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Q: 3.) A 15.00 mL sample of 0.250M formic acid (HCOOH, Ka - 1.8 x 104) is titrated with 0.300 M sodium…

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Q: which reaction has a larger equilibrium constant based on their standard reaction Gibbs energy: 2.00…

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Q: Calculate the solubility (iny / L) of CaSO 4 (s) 0.450 M Na 2 SO 4 (aq) at 25 degrees * C . The K sp…

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Q: The equilibrium constant for the reaction Hg2+(aq) + 2Cl−(aq) ⇌ HgCl2(aq) is 1.6 × 1013. Is HgCl2 a…

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Q: What is the value of K for this aqueous reaction at 298 K? A+BC+D AG = 19.38 kl/mol K TOOLS

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Q: What is the pH (aq., 25 oC) above which a solution of iron(III) hydroxide will precipitate? Ksp =…

A: Given that,  Ksp of Fe(OH)3  = 2.60 x 10–39 A general dissociation reaction of Fe(OH)3 in water take…

Potentiometric Titrations

Potentiometric titration is one of the important titration methods and is mainly carried out to characterize acid solutions. It follows a method similar to that of the normal titration technique, but the main difference is that there is no indicator used in the potentiometric titrations. Instead of using an indicator, electrodes are employed for monitoring the whole titration process. A scientist named Robert Behrend did the potentiometric titration for the first time, and it was done using the mercurous solution and potassium chloride.