he frames. Considering a modulus of elasticity of 89 MPa for the rubber, assuming frames as rigid and the bolt with stiffness of 326 MN/m, calculate the change of force applied on the bolt (in kN) when the frames are pulled apart by a force of 24kN applied to the hooks. A preload was applied to compress the rubber by 5 MPa. The answer should be 23.5 but i don't know how to calculate it

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A rubber washer of inner diameter of 8.8 mm, outer diameter of 15 mm and thickness of 1.4 mm is added between the frames. Considering a modulus of elasticity of 89 MPa for the rubber, assuming frames as rigid and the bolt with stiffness of 326 MN/m, calculate the change of force applied on the bolt (in kN) when the frames are pulled apart by a force of 24kN applied to the hooks.

A preload was applied to compress the rubber by 5 MPa.

The answer should be 23.5 but i don't know how to calculate it... 

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