he bronze bar 3 m long with a cross-sectional area of 350 mm^2 is placed between two rigid walls. At a temperature of -20 ℃, there is a gap ∆=2.2 mm, as shown in the figure. Find the temperature at which the compressive stress in the bar will be 30 MPa. Use α = (18 x 10^-6)/℃ and E = 80 GPa.

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Strain energy

The term strain indicates the variation in an object's length, area, and volume when the object is subjected to an external force. The external force may be of normal, shear, moment, torque, etc. The strain in an object depends on the types of external force and cross-section of the object. Mathematically, the evaluation of strain can be obtained with the help of elastic constants.