Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Determine whether the reactions occur by elimination, nucleophilic substitution, electrophilic addition, or electrophilic substitution.
Transcribed Image Text:### Chemical Reactions
**i) Reaction with 3-hexene**
- **Starting Material:** 3-hexene
- **Reagent:** HBr (Hydrobromic acid)
- **Reaction Type:** Electrophilic addition
**ii) Reaction with 1-bromohexane**
- **Starting Material:** 1-bromohexane
- **Reagent:** NaCN (Sodium cyanide)
- **Reaction Type:** Nucleophilic substitution
### Explanation
- **Electrophilic Addition Reaction:**
In the first reaction, 3-hexene reacts with HBr through an electrophilic addition mechanism. The double bond in 3-hexene acts as a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic hydrogen atom in HBr, leading to the formation of a carbocation intermediate, which subsequently captures the bromide ion to form the final product.
- **Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction:**
In the second reaction, 1-bromohexane undergoes a nucleophilic substitution with NaCN. The bromine atom in 1-bromohexane is replaced by the cyanide ion from NaCN. This type of reaction is classified as an SN2 mechanism, where the cyanide ion attacks the carbon atom bonded to bromine, leading to the substitution of the bromide group with a nitrile group, forming hexanenitrile.
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