Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Predict the chemical shift of the following compounds? find out different types of protons and give their approximate chemical shift values based on their shielding and de shielding.
Transcribed Image Text:### Organic Chemistry: Recognizing Common Functional Groups
#### Chemical Structures:
1. **First Structure: Benzaldehyde (C₇H₆O)**
- This structure illustrates the chemical formula for Benzaldehyde.
- It consists of a benzene ring (a hexagon with alternating double bonds) attached to an aldehyde group (a carbon double-bonded to oxygen and single-bonded to a hydrogen).
- The benzene ring is depicted as a six-membered hexagon with alternating single and double lines representing the bonds.
- The aldehyde group is shown as a carbon (C) double-bonded to an oxygen (O) and single-bonded to a hydrogen (H), positioning outside the ring structure.
2. **Second Structure: 1-Chlorobutane (C₄H₉Cl)**
- This structure represents 1-Chlorobutane.
- It comprises a four-carbon (butane) chain ending with a chlorine (Cl) atom.
- The layout shows CH3 (methyl group) attached to CH2 (methylene group), followed by another CH2, and finally ending with a Cl (chlorine) attached to the last carbon.
#### Explanations:
- **Functional Groups in Focus:**
- Benzaldehyde contains an aromatic ring linked to an aldehyde functional group.
- 1-Chlorobutane features an alkyl halide group, indicated by the presence of a chlorine atom attached to a carbon chain.
#### Importance in Chemistry:
- **Benzaldehyde Role:**
- It's a significant compound in organic synthesis and is used in the fragrance industry.
- **1-Chlorobutane Role:**
- It is often utilized in synthetic organic chemistry, particularly in nucleophilic substitution reactions.
Understanding these basic structures enables the identification of functional groups in more complex molecules, aiding in chemical synthesis and analysis processes.
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