H. CH3 H :CI: H-CI: H3C-C-C-CH3 H3C CH3 ČH3 H. Add curved arrows for the first step. Draw both the organic and inorganic intermediate species. Include nonbonding electrons and charges, where applicable. Include hydrogen atoms. Select Draw Rings More Erase C Cl Select Draw Rings More Erase +H -H Reset Drawing CH, H H,C CH, H - C CI C. H H - H. H. MacBook Air
H. CH3 H :CI: H-CI: H3C-C-C-CH3 H3C CH3 ČH3 H. Add curved arrows for the first step. Draw both the organic and inorganic intermediate species. Include nonbonding electrons and charges, where applicable. Include hydrogen atoms. Select Draw Rings More Erase C Cl Select Draw Rings More Erase +H -H Reset Drawing CH, H H,C CH, H - C CI C. H H - H. H. MacBook Air
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Transcribed Image Text:**Transcription of Reaction Mechanism with Explanation**
### Reaction Overview
- **Reactants:**
- 2-methylpropene (\( \text{H}_3\text{C-CH=C-CH}_3 \))
- Hydrogen chloride (\( \text{H-Cl} \))
- **Products:**
- 2-chloro-2-methylpropane (\( \text{H}_3\text{C-C(Cl)(CH}_3\text{)-C(H)(CH}_3\text{)} \))
### Reaction Mechanism
#### First Step: Electrophilic Addition
1. **Curved Arrows Explanation:**
- A curved arrow indicates the movement of electron pairs.
- The pi bond from 2-methylpropene attacks the hydrogen of HCl.
- Simultaneously, the bond between hydrogen and chlorine breaks, donating electrons to chlorine.
2. **Intermediate Formation:**
- This results in a carbocation intermediate where the positive charge is on the middle carbon atom.
- Chloride ion (\( \text{Cl}^- \)) is generated from the breaking of the H-Cl bond.
#### Diagram Explanation
- **Curved arrows** show electron pair movements.
- **Transition State:**
- Formation of a carbocation at the central carbon atom of 2-methylpropene.
- The resulting chloronium ion (\( \text{Cl}^- \)) is ready to attach to the positively charged carbon atom.
3. **Final Step: Nucleophilic Attack**
- The chloride ion (\( \text{Cl}^- \)) attacks the carbocation, leading to the formation of 2-chloro-2-methylpropane.
### Summary
This reaction demonstrates the electrophilic addition mechanism where a double bond attacks an electrophile (hydrogen) and forms a new compound by the addition of chloride, showcasing the transition of electron pairs and stabilization of a carbocation intermediate.
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