Gram positive case on the first day back to class at the local university, a student noticed a small abscess on his right elbow but didn't think much about it. Over the next couple days, however the abscess became more swollen and painful. The student decided to visit the health centet he told the doctor it looked like a spider bite but didn't recall being bitten. The doctor took a swab of the lesion and prescribed an antibiotic cream as it looked infected. The swab was sent to the lab for testing within a few days of treatment, the student lesion was healed. What is the overview of the disease? How did the patient most likely acquire it? How else does this organism spread to cause this disease? ## Bacterial Identification Tests### Bacitracin TestAn image of a petri dish containing a growth medium with streptococcus bacteria is shown. A small white disc containing bacitracin is placed in the center. The zone of inhibition (clear area around the disc) indicates sensitivity to bacitracin, which helps in the identification of bacterial species.### Optochin TestThis image shows another petri dish, where a white disc containing optochin is placed on a bacterial lawn. The presence of a clear zone around the disc indicates sensitivity, useful for differentiating Streptococcus pneumoniae (sensitive) from other alpha-hemolytic streptococci (resistant).### Novobiocin TestDisplayed is a petri dish with a bacterial culture. A white disc containing novobiocin is placed on the culture. The zone of inhibition around the disc helps in the identification of Staphylococcus saprophyticus (resistant) from other coagulase-negative staphylococci (sensitive).### Catalase TestA close-up image shows bubbles forming on a slide where bacterial cells are mixed with hydrogen peroxide. The production of bubbles indicates a positive catalase test, which differentiates Staphylococci (catalase-positive) from Streptococci (catalase-negative).### Coagulase TestThe image shows two test tubes, one with clotted plasma (positive coagulase test) and the other with liquid plasma (negative coagulase test). This test distinguishes Staphylococcus aureus (coagulase-positive) from other Staphylococcus species (coagulase-negative).### SBA (Sheep Blood Agar)This image illustrates the appearance of bacterial colonies on Sheep Blood Agar (SBA). The type of hemolysis (clear zone for beta-hemolysis, greenish for alpha-hemolysis, and no change for gamma-hemolysis) around the colonies aids in bacterial identification.### Gram StainAn image of Gram-stained bacteria is shown under the microscope. The color and shape (purple indicating Gram-positive bacteria and pink indicating Gram-negative bacteria) help in preliminary bacterial classification. The bacteria in the image are purple, suggesting they are Gram-positive cocci.These tests are crucial in microbiology labs for the accurate identification of bacterial species. ### Bacterial Identification Tests ChartThe table below summarizes the results of various bacterial tests used to identify different bacterial cultures. Each row presents a different type of bacteria and their results for the listed tests. The columns represent different bacteriological tests: Coagulase, Catalase, Optochin Sensitivity, Bacitracin Sensitivity, and Oxidase. The results are indicated as POS (positive), NEG (negative), or N/A (not applicable).| Culture | Coagulase +/- | Catalase +/- | Optochin Sensitivity Test | Bacitracin Sensitivity +/- | Oxidase Test +/- ||---------------------------------|---------------|--------------|---------------------------|----------------------------|------------------|| **Staphylococcus aureus** | POS | POS | N/A | N/A | N/A || **Staphylococcus epidermidis** | NEG | NEG | N/A | N/A | N/A || **Streptococcus pyogenes** | N/A | NEG | N/A | Zone of inhib. (+) | N/A || **Streptococcus faecalis** | N/A | NEG | N/A | N/A | N/A || **Streptococcus pneumoniae** | N/A | NEG | Zone of inhib. (+) | N/A | N/A || **Micrococcus luteus** | NEG | POS | N/A | N/A | N/A |### Test Descriptions:1. **Coagulase Test (Coagulase +/-)** - **Positive (POS)**: Indicates the presence of the enzyme coagulase. - **Negative (NEG)**: Indicates the absence of the enzyme coagulase. - **N/A**: Not applicable or not tested for this bacterium.2. **Catalase Test (Catalase +/-)** - **Positive (POS)**: Indicates the presence of the enzyme catalase that breaks down hydrogen peroxide. - **Negative (NEG)**: Indicates the absence of the enzyme catalase. - **N/A**: Not applicable or not tested for this bacterium.3. **Optochin Sensitivity Test** - **Zone of inhib. (+)**: Indicates that the bacterium is sensitive to optochin, shown by

Abscess is A collection of pus in the cavity surrounded by inflamed tissue. A confined pocket of…

Answered: Gram positive case on the first day…

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...