Answered: Given that an initial mobile phase…

Given that an initial mobile phase mixture of 40/60 MeOH/H2O gave a k’ of phenol of 12.6, determine what percentage of methanol would be required for a desired capacity factor of 4.0 for phenol

Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments

7th Edition

ISBN:9781305577190

Author:Kenneth L. Williamson, Katherine M. Masters

Publisher:Kenneth L. Williamson, Katherine M. Masters

Chapter7: Extraction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1Q

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O: 18.08
Water and 1-butanol are only partially miscible, so that when the two liquids are mixed, separate phases are formed. A mixture is prepared, in which the volumes of the aqueous and organic phases are equal. Ethanoic acid is then added to the mixture. The concentration in the aqueous phase is 0.094 mol dm-3 and in the organic phase 0.014 mol dm-3 . Additional solvent is then added such that the volume of the aqueous phase becomes double that of the organic phase. What are the new concentrations?
Calculate the vapor pressure of propanol (b.p. 97.0 ∘C97.0 ∘C) at the gas chromatography column temperature of 95.0 ∘C95.0 ∘C using the form of the Clausius–Clapeyron equation shown ln(?1?2)=−(Δ?vap?)(1?1−1?2)ln(P1P2)=−(ΔHvapR)(1T1−1T2) where ?R is the ideal gas constant, Δ?vapΔHvap is the enthalpy of vaporization, ?1T1 and ?2T2 are two different temperatures, and ?1P1 and ?2P2 are the vapor pressures at the respective temperatures. The enthalpy of vaporization can be estimated using Trouton's rule, Δ?∘vap=(88 J·mol−1⋅K−1)×?bp.ΔHvap∘=(88 J·mol−1⋅K−1)×Tbp. ?=P= TorrTorr Calculate the vapor pressure of pentane (b.p. 36.0 ∘C36.0 ∘C) at the same column temperature. ?=P= TorrTorr For compounds of the same chemical class, what is the relationship between vapor pressure of a compound and retention in gas chromatography? As the vapor pressure decreases, retention time decreases. As the vapor pressure increases, retention time increases. As…
9- The following data were obtained for the composition of the bimodal curve for water-butanol- acetic acid mixture at 25.0 OC and 1.0 atm: % water 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 90 % acetic acid 20 27 30 28 26 22 17 7 a- Plot the phase diagram for this system. b- How many phases and degrees of freedom will a mixture having 40% water and 20% acetic acid will show? C- If the water rich phase of this mixture contains 25% acetic acid and the organic rich phase contains 12 % acetic acid, use the lever rule to calculate their relative amount.
17. 1-Octanol is immiscible with water. Consider the octanol/water distribution constants for a. series of 1° alcohols: 国 Compound [compoundJoctanol[compound]water HO, HO, 34 107 HO, 370 HO, Based on this data, which statement is true? (a) "The relative ease with which an organic compound is extracted out of water depends only on the polarity of the functional group present." (b) "The relative ease with which an organic compound is extracted out of water depends on the ratio of nonpolar to polar groups in the molecule." (c) "Whether an organic compound is extractable from water is not predictable based on structure." Focus English (United States)
Describe in words and by means of complete chemical equations, how a mixture of 1.25 g of benzoic acid tertbutylbenzene can be separated by applying the separation of 2 components by liquid-liquid extraction.
5. By a fractional precipitation a polymer A with most probable distribution (I = 2.0) and an osmotic molecular weight of 120,000 is separated into two fractions B and C with molecular weights, 200,000 and 300,000, respectively, determined by light scattering. Calculate the weight of B that would be obtained from 100 g of initial polymer A. If both B and C have the same polydispersity, what is the value of the polydispersity index ?
Given that a mixture of nitric acid (bp 86 °C) and water forms a maximum-boiling-point azeotrope that boils at 120.7 °C with a composition of 67.4% nitric acid to 32.6% water. Construct an approximate boiling-point-phase diagram (with % composition on the x-axis and temperature on the y-axis) for this system. Include the boiling points of pure nitric acid, pure water, and the boiling point of the azeotrope on your diagram. Describe the behavior on distillation of a mixture that is 80% water and 20% nitric acid.
12.35. Consider a binary mixture for which the excess Gibbs energy is given by GE/RT = 2.6x1x2. For each of the following overall compositions, determine whether one or two liquid phases will be present. If two liquid phases will be present, find their composi- tions and the amount of each phase present (phase fractions). (a) z1 = 0.2 (b) z1 = 0.3 (c) z1 = 0.5 (d) z1 = 0.7 (e) z1 = 0.8
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(c) What is the minimum distribution ratio that permits removal of 99% of a solute from 50.0 mL of water with (i) two 20.0-mL extractions with an organic solvent; (ii) four 10.0-mL extractions with the organic solvent?
Arrange the following compounds in order of decreasing ease of elution from a column of silica gel: (a) 2-octanol; (b) 1,3-dichlorobenzene; (c) tert-butylcyclo hexane; (d) benzoic acid.