Give 5 examples of situations using this: 1. Retrospective Study 2. Observational Study 3. Designed Experiment
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Give 5 examples of situations using this:
1. Retrospective Study
2. Observational Study
3. Designed Experiment
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- 7. While age is not considered to be a variable of interest, there is some concern that older people may react differently to the treatments than younger people. The best way to address this concern is to design the study to make use of: a. Blinding b. Randomization c. Blocking d. Replication1. State whether it will experimental or observational 2. If observational, identify which type specifically (retrospective cohort, prospective cohort, case-control, cross-sectional, ecological) 3. Briefly explain how you can tell what type of study it is. In 2010, we examined the medical records of 2,000 patients ages 53+ associated with Kaiser Permanente (large health care organization) who did NOT have kidney disease in 2005. Then, we look back in the records to see who took BZDs from 2000-2005. After that, we look to see who developed kidney disease from 2006 until 2008. We compared the rates of kidney disease among those who took the BZDs and those who didn’t.In which of these research designs would you have complete control of the environment? Cohort Cross-sectional Experimental Case-Control
- The Wisconsin Fish and Game Department stocked a lake with 30% catfish, 15 % bass, 40% bluegill, and 15% Northern Pike. Five years later they took a random sample of 500 fish from the lake and found 120 catfish, 85 bass, 220 bluegill, and 75 Northern Pike. At the 5% level of significance, can we show that the distribution of fish changed over the 5-year interval? State and test appropriate hypotheses. State conclusions.As a hospital administrator of a large hospital, you are concerned with the absenteeism among nurses' aides. The issue has been raised by registered nurses, who feel they often have to perform work normally done by their aides. To get the facts, absenteeism data were gathered for the last three weeks, which is considered a representative period for future conditions. After taking random samples of 64 personnel files each day, the following data were produced Day 1 2 3 4 Aides Absent 5 4 2 6 a Day 6 7 8 9 10 Aides Absent 6 7 9 3 7 Day Aides Absent 11 12 13 (Enter your responses rounded to The upper control limit is and the lower control limit is three decimal places. If your answer for the lower control limit is negative, enter this value as 0.) 14 15 6 8 10 1 2 Because your assessment of absenteeism is likely to come under careful scrutiny, you would like a type I error of only 1 percent. You want to be sure to identify any instances of unusual absences. If some are present, you will…Essay 21. a. What types of studics can show causc-and-effect relationships? Explain. b. What must be included in thosc studies from part (a) in order to show cause-and-effect? Explain. c. Some people respond favorably to any treatment given. What can be done to address this problem? Explain.
- Vitamin E and the Risk of Prostate Cancer: Klien et al (2011) conducted the following study to determine the effect of vitamin E and selenium treatment on the risk of developing prostate cancer in healthy men. A total of 34,887 men from different study sites in the United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico were randomly selected. To be eligible to participate, the men had to take a rectal examination that showed he was not suspicious of having prostate cancer and be aged 50 years or older for black men and 55 years or older for all others. Each man was randomly assigned to receive one of four treatments: selenium, vitamin E, selenium and vitamin E together, or a placebo. The men were followed up after 8 years to see if they had developed prostate cancer or not. The main question of interest is to determine if the risk of developing prostate cancer differs by the treatment taken. The data are summarized in the table below: No Prostate Cancer Prostate Cancer Total Selenium 8,752 8,737 8,702…Statement I. One way ANOVA will be utilized. Statement II. We are dealing with uncorrelated sample means. Statement III. We are dealing with correlated sample means. Statement IV. N is equal to 15. * Treatments Participant No Phone Hand-Held Hands-Free 1 4 1 2 3 1 2 3 6. 3 2 4 3 1 5 4 "Hypothetical data from an experiment examining driving performance under three telephone conditions. Statements I, Il are TRUE Statements I, II, I are FALSE Statements I, I, IV are TRUE O None of the aboveIf gender is the independent variable of a quasi-experiment, this experiment must have a between-subject design. Group of answer choices True False
- Based on these tables, would you accept or reject the hypothesis that individuals in bad neighborhoods commit more crime?2. [modified from page 76 #3] Coughlin et al. examined the breast and cervical screening practices of Hispanic and non-Hispanic women in counties that approximate the U.S. southern border region. The study used data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys of adults age 18 years or older conducted in 1999 and 2000. The table below reports the number of observations of Hispanic and non-Hispanic women who had received a mammogram in the past 2 years cross-classified with marital status. Marital Status Currently Married Divorced or Separated Widowed Never Married or Living As an Unmarried Couple Total Hispanic 319 130 88 41 578 Non-Hispanic 738 329 402 95 1564 Total 1057 459 490 136 2142 a) We select at random a subject who had a mammogram. What is the probability that she is widowed? b) We select at random a subject who had a mammogram and learn that she is Hispanic. With that information, what is the probability that she is married? e) Def two vents in this space that…As a hospital administrator of a large hospital, you are concerned with the absenteeism among nurses' aides. The issue has been raised by registered nurses, who feel they often have to perform work normally done by their aides. To get the facts, absenteeism data were gathered for the last three weeks, which is considered a representative period for future conditions. After taking random samples of 64 personnel files each day, the following data were produced: Because your assessment of absenteeism is likely to come under careful scrutiny, you would like a type I error of only 1 percent. You want to be sure to identify any instances of unusual absences. If some are present, you will have to explore them on behalf of the registered nurses. a. Design a p-chart. The upper control limit is enter your response here and the lower control limit is enter your response here . (Enter your responses rounded to three decimal places. If your answer for the lower control limit is negative, enter…