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A. What island was sitting on top of the Hawaiian hot spot 4.7 million years ago? B. In what general direction has the Pacific plate been moving for the last 4.7 million years?

A. What island was sitting on top of the Hawaiian hot spot 4.7 million years ago? B. In what general direction has the Pacific plate been moving for the last 4.7 million years?

Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN:9780134746241
Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Chapter1: The Study Of Minerals
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1LR
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Plate Tectonics If we want to know how fast a plate is moving relative to the asthenosphere, we need a fixed point in the asthenosphere that we can observe. We can't actually see the asthenosphere, but fortunately we have hot spots. Hot spots are localized spots in the asthenosphere where melting is occurring and magmas are produced. When the magmas from hot spots rise through the lithosphere and erupt onto the surface of the Earth, they form volcanoes. As the lithosphere moves over the hot spot, a chain of volcanoes is produced. From the ages of rocks in these volcanoes, we can determine how fast the lithosphere is moving relative to the asthenosphere. Hot spots do not usually occur at plate boundaries; hence volcanism that occurs at hot spots is called intraplate volcanism. The chain of Hawaiian Islands, located in the middle of the Pacific plate, is a hot spot chain. Rates of plate motion are usually expressed in centimeters per year (cm/yr). Exercise 1 Study the map of the Hawaiian Islands given in Figure 1. The number in parentheses underneath the name of each island is the average age (in millions of years) of the rocks on that island. Kilauea, on the big island of Hawaii, is the largest active volcano in the Hawaiian chain. This volcano is currently sitting on tip of the Hawaiian hot spot in the asthenosphere. A. What island was sitting on top of the Hawaiian hot spot 4.7 million years ago? B. In what general direction has the Pacific plate been moving for the last 4.7 million years?
Transcribed Image Text:Plate Tectonics If we want to know how fast a plate is moving relative to the asthenosphere, we need a fixed point in the asthenosphere that we can observe. We can't actually see the asthenosphere, but fortunately we have hot spots. Hot spots are localized spots in the asthenosphere where melting is occurring and magmas are produced. When the magmas from hot spots rise through the lithosphere and erupt onto the surface of the Earth, they form volcanoes. As the lithosphere moves over the hot spot, a chain of volcanoes is produced. From the ages of rocks in these volcanoes, we can determine how fast the lithosphere is moving relative to the asthenosphere. Hot spots do not usually occur at plate boundaries; hence volcanism that occurs at hot spots is called intraplate volcanism. The chain of Hawaiian Islands, located in the middle of the Pacific plate, is a hot spot chain. Rates of plate motion are usually expressed in centimeters per year (cm/yr). Exercise 1 Study the map of the Hawaiian Islands given in Figure 1. The number in parentheses underneath the name of each island is the average age (in millions of years) of the rocks on that island. Kilauea, on the big island of Hawaii, is the largest active volcano in the Hawaiian chain. This volcano is currently sitting on tip of the Hawaiian hot spot in the asthenosphere. A. What island was sitting on top of the Hawaiian hot spot 4.7 million years ago? B. In what general direction has the Pacific plate been moving for the last 4.7 million years?
Figure 1. ( Kaui (4.7 Myr) N Oahu (2.5 Myr) 100 km Molokai (1.6 Myr) Hawaiian Islands Maui (1.1 Myr) Hawaii (0 Myr) Kilauea
Transcribed Image Text:Figure 1. ( Kaui (4.7 Myr) N Oahu (2.5 Myr) 100 km Molokai (1.6 Myr) Hawaiian Islands Maui (1.1 Myr) Hawaii (0 Myr) Kilauea
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G and H only.

Name: Plate Tectonics If we want to know how fast a plate is moving relative to the asthenosphere, we need a fixed point in the asthenosphere that we can observe. We can't actually see the asthenosphere, but fortunately we have hot spots. Hot spots are localized spots in the asthenosphere where melting is occurring and magmas are produced. When the magmas from hot spots rise through the lithosphere and erupt onto the surface of the Earth, they form volcanoes. As the lithosphere moves over the hot spot, a chain of volcanoes is produced. From the ages of rocks in these volcanoes, we can determine how fast the lithosphere is moving relative to the asthenosphere. Hot spots do not usually occur at plate boundaries; hence volcanism that occurs at hot spots is called intraplate volcanism. The chain of Hawaiian Islands, located in the middle of the Pacific plate, is a hot spot chain. Rates of plate motion are usually expressed in centimeters per year (cm/yr). Exercise 1 Study the map of the Hawaiian Islands given in Figure 1. The number in parentheses underneath the name of each island is the average age (in millions of years) of the rocks on that island. Kilauea, on the big island of Hawaii, is the largest active volcano in the Hawaiian chain. This volcano is currently sitting on tip of the Hawaiian hot spot in the asthenosphere. A. What island was sitting on top of the Hawaiian hot spot 4.7 million years ago? B. In what general direction has the Pacific plate been moving for the last 4.7 million years? C. What was the rate of motion of the Pacific plate between 4.7-2.5 million years ago? (Show work.) D. What was the rate of motion of the Pacific plate between 2.5-1.6 million years ago? (Show work.) E. What was the rate of motion of the Pacific plate between 1.6-1.1 million years ago? (Show work.) F. What was the rate of motion of the Pacific plate for the last 1.1 million years? (Show work.) G. What was the average rate of motion of the Pacific plate for the last 4.7 million years? H. Has the rate of motion been constant over the last 4.7 million years? I. Make a prediction of where the next island in the Hawaiian islands will form. Mark the location on the map for Figure 1. Connolly, Goodrich, & Weisberg, 2005
Transcribed Image Text:Name: Plate Tectonics If we want to know how fast a plate is moving relative to the asthenosphere, we need a fixed point in the asthenosphere that we can observe. We can't actually see the asthenosphere, but fortunately we have hot spots. Hot spots are localized spots in the asthenosphere where melting is occurring and magmas are produced. When the magmas from hot spots rise through the lithosphere and erupt onto the surface of the Earth, they form volcanoes. As the lithosphere moves over the hot spot, a chain of volcanoes is produced. From the ages of rocks in these volcanoes, we can determine how fast the lithosphere is moving relative to the asthenosphere. Hot spots do not usually occur at plate boundaries; hence volcanism that occurs at hot spots is called intraplate volcanism. The chain of Hawaiian Islands, located in the middle of the Pacific plate, is a hot spot chain. Rates of plate motion are usually expressed in centimeters per year (cm/yr). Exercise 1 Study the map of the Hawaiian Islands given in Figure 1. The number in parentheses underneath the name of each island is the average age (in millions of years) of the rocks on that island. Kilauea, on the big island of Hawaii, is the largest active volcano in the Hawaiian chain. This volcano is currently sitting on tip of the Hawaiian hot spot in the asthenosphere. A. What island was sitting on top of the Hawaiian hot spot 4.7 million years ago? B. In what general direction has the Pacific plate been moving for the last 4.7 million years? C. What was the rate of motion of the Pacific plate between 4.7-2.5 million years ago? (Show work.) D. What was the rate of motion of the Pacific plate between 2.5-1.6 million years ago? (Show work.) E. What was the rate of motion of the Pacific plate between 1.6-1.1 million years ago? (Show work.) F. What was the rate of motion of the Pacific plate for the last 1.1 million years? (Show work.) G. What was the average rate of motion of the Pacific plate for the last 4.7 million years? H. Has the rate of motion been constant over the last 4.7 million years? I. Make a prediction of where the next island in the Hawaiian islands will form. Mark the location on the map for Figure 1. Connolly, Goodrich, & Weisberg, 2005
Figure 1. ( Kaui (4.7 Myr) N Oahu (2.5 Myr) 100 km Molokai (1.6 Myr) Hawaiian Islands Maui (1.1 Myr) Hawaii (0 Myr) Kilauea
Transcribed Image Text:Figure 1. ( Kaui (4.7 Myr) N Oahu (2.5 Myr) 100 km Molokai (1.6 Myr) Hawaiian Islands Maui (1.1 Myr) Hawaii (0 Myr) Kilauea
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Follow-up Question

C and D only.

Name: Plate Tectonics If we want to know how fast a plate is moving relative to the asthenosphere, we need a fixed point in the asthenosphere that we can observe. We can't actually see the asthenosphere, but fortunately we have hot spots. Hot spots are localized spots in the asthenosphere where melting is occurring and magmas are produced. When the magmas from hot spots rise through the lithosphere and erupt onto the surface of the Earth, they form volcanoes. As the lithosphere moves over the hot spot, a chain of volcanoes is produced. From the ages of rocks in these volcanoes, we can determine how fast the lithosphere is moving relative to the asthenosphere. Hot spots do not usually occur at plate boundaries; hence volcanism that occurs at hot spots is called intraplate volcanism. The chain of Hawaiian Islands, located in the middle of the Pacific plate, is a hot spot chain. Rates of plate motion are usually expressed in centimeters per year (cm/yr). Exercise 1 Study the map of the Hawaiian Islands given in Figure 1. The number in parentheses underneath the name of each island is the average age (in millions of years) of the rocks on that island. Kilauea, on the big island of Hawaii, is the largest active volcano in the Hawaiian chain. This volcano is currently sitting on tip of the Hawaiian hot spot in the asthenosphere. A. What island was sitting on top of the Hawaiian hot spot 4.7 million years ago? B. In what general direction has the Pacific plate been moving for the last 4.7 million years? C. What was the rate of motion of the Pacific plate between 4.7-2.5 million years ago? (Show work.) D. What was the rate of motion of the Pacific plate between 2.5-1.6 million years ago? (Show work.) E. What was the rate of motion of the Pacific plate between 1.6-1.1 million years ago? (Show work.) F. What was the rate of motion of the Pacific plate for the last 1.1 million years? (Show work.) G. What was the average rate of motion of the Pacific plate for the last 4.7 million years? H. Has the rate of motion been constant over the last 4.7 million years? I. Make a prediction of where the next island in the Hawaiian islands will form. Mark the location on the map for Figure 1. Connolly, Goodrich, & Weisberg, 2005
Transcribed Image Text:Name: Plate Tectonics If we want to know how fast a plate is moving relative to the asthenosphere, we need a fixed point in the asthenosphere that we can observe. We can't actually see the asthenosphere, but fortunately we have hot spots. Hot spots are localized spots in the asthenosphere where melting is occurring and magmas are produced. When the magmas from hot spots rise through the lithosphere and erupt onto the surface of the Earth, they form volcanoes. As the lithosphere moves over the hot spot, a chain of volcanoes is produced. From the ages of rocks in these volcanoes, we can determine how fast the lithosphere is moving relative to the asthenosphere. Hot spots do not usually occur at plate boundaries; hence volcanism that occurs at hot spots is called intraplate volcanism. The chain of Hawaiian Islands, located in the middle of the Pacific plate, is a hot spot chain. Rates of plate motion are usually expressed in centimeters per year (cm/yr). Exercise 1 Study the map of the Hawaiian Islands given in Figure 1. The number in parentheses underneath the name of each island is the average age (in millions of years) of the rocks on that island. Kilauea, on the big island of Hawaii, is the largest active volcano in the Hawaiian chain. This volcano is currently sitting on tip of the Hawaiian hot spot in the asthenosphere. A. What island was sitting on top of the Hawaiian hot spot 4.7 million years ago? B. In what general direction has the Pacific plate been moving for the last 4.7 million years? C. What was the rate of motion of the Pacific plate between 4.7-2.5 million years ago? (Show work.) D. What was the rate of motion of the Pacific plate between 2.5-1.6 million years ago? (Show work.) E. What was the rate of motion of the Pacific plate between 1.6-1.1 million years ago? (Show work.) F. What was the rate of motion of the Pacific plate for the last 1.1 million years? (Show work.) G. What was the average rate of motion of the Pacific plate for the last 4.7 million years? H. Has the rate of motion been constant over the last 4.7 million years? I. Make a prediction of where the next island in the Hawaiian islands will form. Mark the location on the map for Figure 1. Connolly, Goodrich, & Weisberg, 2005
Figure 1. ( Kaui (4.7 Myr) N Oahu (2.5 Myr) 100 km Molokai (1.6 Myr) Hawaiian Islands Maui (1.1 Myr) Hawaii (0 Myr) Kilauea
Transcribed Image Text:Figure 1. ( Kaui (4.7 Myr) N Oahu (2.5 Myr) 100 km Molokai (1.6 Myr) Hawaiian Islands Maui (1.1 Myr) Hawaii (0 Myr) Kilauea
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