Molecular Techniques
Molecular techniques are methods employed in molecular biology, genetics, biochemistry, and biophysics to manipulate and analyze nucleic acids (deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)), protein, and lipids. Techniques in molecular biology are employed to investigate the molecular basis for biological activity. These techniques are used to analyze cellular properties, structures, and chemical reactions, with a focus on how certain molecules regulate cellular reactions and growth.
DNA Fingerprinting and Gel Electrophoresis
The genetic makeup of living organisms is shown by a technique known as DNA fingerprinting. The difference is the satellite region of DNA is shown by this process. Alex Jeffreys has invented the process of DNA fingerprinting in 1985. Any biological samples such as blood, hair, saliva, semen can be used for DNA fingerprinting. DNA fingerprinting is also known as DNA profiling or molecular fingerprinting.
Molecular Markers
A known DNA sequence or gene sequence is present on a chromosome, and it is associated with a specific trait or character. It is mainly used as a genetic marker of the molecular marker. The first genetic map was done in a fruit fly, using genes as the first marker. In two categories, molecular markers are classified, classical marker and a DNA marker. A molecular marker is also known as a genetic marker.
DNA Sequencing
The most important feature of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules are nucleotide sequences and the identification of genes and their activities. This the reason why scientists have been working to determine the sequences of pieces of DNA covered under the genomic field. The primary objective of the Human Genome Project was to determine the nucleotide sequence of the entire human nuclear genome. DNA sequencing selectively eliminates the introns leading to only exome sequencing that allows proteins coding.
![**Section 8.3: DNA Replication - Power Notes**
- General Description: [To be filled in]
### Diagram Explanation:
The image contains a diagram of a DNA double helix in the process of replication. It includes several boxes labeled as "Process" and "Identify the structures," which are meant to be filled in with corresponding information.
#### Processes:
1. [First step in the replication process to be described here]
2. [Second step in the replication process to be described here]
3. [Third step in the replication process to be described here]
4. [Fourth step in the replication process to be described here]
#### Structures to Identify:
1. [Label for the first identified structure on the DNA]
2. [Label for the second identified structure on the DNA]
3. [Label for the third identified structure on the DNA]
4. [Label for the fourth identified structure on the DNA]
- End Result: [Description of the outcome of DNA replication]
### DNA Replication Details:
The diagram visually represents the unwinding and replication of the DNA molecule, highlighting key components and steps involved in the process. Arrows and labels indicate areas for identifying the various structures and processes in DNA replication.
**Note:**
The diagram is designed to be interactive, allowing for note-taking and identification, useful for educational settings to enhance understanding of the DNA replication process.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F4544c423-9ef5-4f1a-aedf-f0473ee49d75%2F9be32a1f-5a7f-40d7-8d02-3c27cb5d2dce%2F4nsv5an_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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