**Educational Content: Reaction Mechanisms and Solvent Effects****Reaction Description:**For the given reaction, use the identity of the alkyl halide and nucleophile to determine which substitution mechanism occurs. Then determine which solvent affords the faster reaction.**Reaction Equation:**\[\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Cl} + \text{NaOCH}_3 \xrightarrow{\text{CH}_3\text{OH or acetone}} \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OCH}_3 + \text{NaCl}\]**Multiple Choice Options:**- \( \text{S}_\text{N}1, \text{CH}_3\text{OH} \)- \( \text{S}_\text{N}2, \text{CH}_3\text{OH} \)- \( \text{S}_\text{N}1, \text{acetone} \)- \( \text{S}_\text{N}2, \text{acetone} \)**Explanation of Concepts:**1. **Alkyl Halides:** - Alkyl halides (e.g., \(\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}\)) are reactive compounds that typically undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions.2. **Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions:** - **\( \text{S}_\text{N}1 (Unimolecular Nucleophilic Substitution):** Involves a two-step mechanism where the leaving group departs first, forming a carbocation intermediate, followed by nucleophilic attack. - **\( \text{S}_\text{N}2 (Bimolecular Nucleophilic Substitution):** Involves a one-step mechanism where the nucleophile attacks the substrate and displaces the leaving group simultaneously.3. **Solvent Effects:** - **\(\text{CH}_3\text{OH} (Methanol):** Polar protic solvent, can stabilize ions and favor \( \text{S}_\text{N}1 \) reactions. - **Acetone:** Polar aprotic solvent, does not stabilize ions as effectively and often favors \( \text{S}_\text{N}2 \) reactions.**Guidance

The given reaction uses secondary halide as the reactant, -OCH3 as the nucleophile, and CH3OH or acetone as the solvent to give the desired product through nucleophilic substitution pathway. For the appropriate pathway, whether SN1 or SN2 one has to consider the given reaction condition.The given secondary alkyl halide can either undergo SN1 or SN2 pathway. However, the given nucleophile, -OCH3 is strong and thus prefers concerted SN2 pathway, no generation of carbocation like in SN1. The appropriate solvent condition for the SN2 reaction is the use of polar aprotic solvent like acetone, not polar protic solvent like CH3OH. Hence, the correct route is SN2 and appropriate solvent is acetone.

Science

Chemistry

For the given reaction, use the identity of the alkyl halide and nucleophile to determine which substitution mechanism occurs. Then determine which solvent affords the faster reaction. CH3OH + NAOCH3 + NaCI 4. or acetone OCH, SN1, CH3OH SN2, CH3OH SN1, acetone SN2, acetone

For the given reaction, use the identity of the alkyl halide and nucleophile to determine which substitution mechanism occurs. Then determine which solvent affords the faster reaction. CH3OH + NAOCH3 + NaCI 4. or acetone OCH, SN1, CH3OH SN2, CH3OH SN1, acetone SN2, acetone

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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