Q4. Alkyl halides are good at doing substitution (SN2/SN1) and elimination (E1/E2) reactions because the halide (X) is a good LG. Alcohols on the other hand are not suitable for these reactions since hydroxide (-OH) is a poor LG. However, an OH can be converted into a OTs (tosyl group) by reacting an alcohol with TSCl in presence of a base. An OTs is a good LG, and this allows us to indirectly (via OTs) use alcohols in substitution (SN2/SN1) and elimination (E1/E2) reactions. (4) OH TSCI NEt3 OTS Tosyl ester NaCN DMSO + HNEt3 CH3OH heat СР Determine the major/minor products OTS Tosyl ester TsCl = NaOCH3 CH3OH DBU --0
Catalysis and Enzymatic Reactions
Catalysis is the kind of chemical reaction in which the rate (speed) of a reaction is enhanced by the catalyst which is not consumed during the process of reaction and afterward it is removed when the catalyst is not used to make up the impurity in the product. The enzymatic reaction is the reaction that is catalyzed via enzymes.
Lock And Key Model
The lock-and-key model is used to describe the catalytic enzyme activity, based on the interaction between enzyme and substrate. This model considers the lock as an enzyme and the key as a substrate to explain this model. The concept of how a unique distinct key only can have the access to open a particular lock resembles how the specific substrate can only fit into the particular active site of the enzyme. This is significant in understanding the intermolecular interaction between proteins and plays a vital role in drug interaction.
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