1 Chemistry: An Introduction 2 Measurements And Calculations 3 Matter 4 Chemical Foundations: Elements, Atoms, And Ions 5 Nomenclature 6 Chemical Reactions: An Introduction 7 Reactions In Aqueous Solutions 8 Chemical Composition 9 Chemical Quantities 10 Energy 11 Modern Atomic Theory 12 Chemical Bonding 13 Gases 14 Liquids And Solids 15 Solutions 16 Acids And Bases 17 Equilibrium 18 Oxidation–reduction Reactions And Electrochemistry 19 Radioactivity And Nuclear Energy 20 Organic Chemistry 21 Biochemistry Chapter16: Acids And Bases
16.1 Acids And Bases 16.2 Acid Strength 16.3 Water As An Acid And A Base 16.4 The Ph Scale 16.5 Calculating The Ph Of Strong Acid Solution 16.6 Buffered Solutions Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1ALQ: You are asked for the H+ concentration in a solution of NaOH(aq). Because sodium hydroxide is a... Problem 2ALQ: Explain why Cl- does not affect the pH of an aqueous solution. Problem 3ALQ: Write the general reaction for an acid acting in water. What is the base in this case? The conjugate... Problem 4ALQ: Differentiate among the terms concentrated, dilute, weak, and strong in describing acids. Use... Problem 5ALQ: What is meant by “pH”? True or false: A strong acid always has a lower pH than a weak acid does.... Problem 6ALQ: Consider two separate solutions: one containing a weak acid. HA, and one containing HCl. Assume that... Problem 7ALQ Problem 8ALQ Problem 9ALQ: Stanley’s grade-point average (GPA) is 3.28. What is Stanley’s p(GPA)? Problem 10ALQ Problem 11ALQ: . Mixing together aqueous solutions of acetic acid and sodium hydroxide can make a buffered... Problem 12ALQ Problem 13ALQ: . Consider the equation: HA(aq)+H2OH3O+(aq)+A(aq).a. If water is a better base than A-, which way... Problem 14ALQ: . Choose the answer that best completes the following statement and defend your answer. When 100.0... Problem 15ALQ Problem 16ALQ: . The following figures are molecular-level representations of acid solutions. Label each as a... Problem 17ALQ Problem 1QAP: What are some physical properties that historically led chemists to classify various substances as... Problem 2QAP: Write an equation showing how HCl(g) behaves as an Arrhenius acid when dissolved in water. Write an... Problem 3QAP Problem 4QAP: How do the components of a conjugate acid—base pair differ from one another4? Give an example of a... Problem 5QAP: 5. Given the general equation illustrating the reaction of the acid HA in water,... Problem 6QAP: According to Arrhenius, ____________ produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solution, Whereas ____ produce... Problem 7QAP: Which of the following do not represent a conjugate acid-base pair? For those pairs that are not... Problem 8QAP: Which of the following do not represent a conjugate acid-base pair? For those pairs that are not... Problem 9QAP: In each of the following chemical equations, identify the conjugate acid—base pairs. a.... Problem 10QAP: . In each of the following chemical equations, identify the conjugate acid-base pairs. a.... Problem 11QAP: . Write the conjugate acid for each of the following bases: a. PO43- b. IO3- c. NO3- d. NH2- Problem 12QAP: . Write the conjugate acid for each of the following bases. a. ClO- b. Cl- c. ClO3 d. ClO4 Problem 13QAP Problem 14QAP: . Write the conjugate base for each of the following acids. a. HBrO b. HNO2 c. HSO3 d. CH3NH3+ Problem 15QAP: . Write a chemical equation showing how each of the following species can behave as indicated when... Problem 16QAP: . Write a chemical equation showing how each of the following species can behave as indicated when... Problem 17QAP: . What does it mean to say that an acid is strong in aqueous solution? What does this reveal about... Problem 18QAP Problem 19QAP: . How is the strength of an acid related to the fact that a competition for protons exists in... Problem 20QAP: . A strong acid has a weak conjugate base, whereas a weak acid has a relatively strong conjugate... Problem 21QAP: . Write the formula for the hydronium ion. Write an equation for the formation of the hydronium ion... Problem 22QAP Problem 23QAP: . Organic acids contain the carboxyl group Using acetic acid, CH3—COOH, and propionic acid.... Problem 24QAP Problem 25QAP: 25. Which of the following acids have relatively strong conjugate bases? a. HCN b. H2S c. HBrO4 d.... Problem 26QAP: . The “Chemistry in Focus” segment Plants Fight Back discusses how tobacco plants under attack by... Problem 27QAP: . Water is the most common amphoteric substance, which means that, depending on the circumstances,... Problem 28QAP: . Anions containing hydrogen (for example. HCO3and H2PO42) show amphoteric behavior when reacting... Problem 29QAP: . What is meant by the iou-product constant for water, KW? What does this constant signify? Write an... Problem 30QAP: . What happens to the hydroxide ion concentration in aqueous solutions when we increase the hydrogen... Problem 31QAP Problem 32QAP Problem 33QAP: . Calculate the [OH-] in each of the following solutions. and indicate whether the solution is... Problem 34QAP: . Calculate the [OH-] in each of the following solutions, and indicate whether the solution is... Problem 35QAP: 35. For each pair of concentrations, tell which represents the more acidic solution. a.... Problem 36QAP: . For each pair of concentrations, tell which represents the more basic solution. a.... Problem 37QAP: . Why do scientists tend to express the acidity of a solution in terms of its Ph, rather than in... Problem 38QAP: . Using Fig. 16.3, list the approximate pH value of live “everyday” solutions. How do the familiar... Problem 39QAP: . For a hydrogen ion concentration of 2.33106M, how many decimal places should we give when... Problem 40QAP: . The “Chemistry in Focus” segment Garden-Variety Acid— Base Indicators discusses acid-base... Problem 41QAP: . Calculate the pH corresponding to each of the hydrogen ion concentrations given below, and... Problem 42QAP Problem 43QAP Problem 44QAP Problem 45QAP Problem 46QAP: . Calculate the pOH value corresponding to each of the pH values listed, and tell whether each... Problem 47QAP: . For each hydrogen ion concentration listed, calculate the pH of the solution as well as the... Problem 48QAP: . For each hydrogen ion concentration listed, calculate the pH of the solution as well as the... Problem 49QAP: . Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration, in moles per liter, tor solutions with each of the... Problem 50QAP: . Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration, in moles per liter, for solutions with each of the... Problem 51QAP: . Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration, in moles per liter, for solutions with each of the... Problem 52QAP: . Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration, in moles per liter, for solutions with each of the... Problem 53QAP: . Calculate the pH of each of the following solutions from the information given. a. [H+]=4.78102M... Problem 54QAP Problem 55QAP: 55. When 1 mole of gaseous hydrogen chloride is dissolved in enough water to make 1 L of solution,... Problem 56QAP: . A bottle of acid solution is labeled “3 M HNO3.” What are the substances that are actually present... Problem 57QAP: . Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration and the pH of each of the following solutions of strong... Problem 58QAP: . Calculate the pH of each of the following solutions of strong acids. a. 1.21103M HNO3 b. 0.000199... Problem 59QAP: . What characteristic properties do buffered solutions possess’? Problem 60QAP Problem 61QAP: . Which component of a buffered solution is capable of combining with an added strong acid? Using... Problem 62QAP Problem 63QAP: . Which of the following combinations would act as buffered solutions? a. HCl and NaCl b. CH3COOH... Problem 64QAP: . A buffered solution is prepared containing acetic acid, HC2H3O2, and sodium acetate, NaC2H3O2,... Problem 65AP: . The concepts of acid-base equilibria were developed in this chapter for aqueous solutions (in... Problem 66AP: . Strong buses are bases that completely ionize in water to produce hydroxide ion, OH-. The strong... Problem 67AP Problem 68AP Problem 69AP Problem 70AP Problem 71AP Problem 72AP Problem 73AP Problem 74AP Problem 75AP: 75. A conjugate acid-base pair Consists of two substances related by the donating and accepting of... Problem 76AP: . Acetate ion, C2H3O2- , has a stronger affinity for protons than does water. Therefore, when... Problem 77AP Problem 78AP Problem 79AP Problem 80AP Problem 81AP Problem 82AP Problem 83AP Problem 84AP Problem 85AP: . A(n) _________ solution contains a conjugate acid-base pair and through this is able to resist... Problem 86AP: . When sodium hydroxide, NaOH, is added dropwise to a buffered solution, the _______ component of... Problem 87AP: . When hydrochloric acid, HCI. is added dropwise to a buffered solution, the ______component of the... Problem 88AP: . The following are representations of acid-base reactions: a. Label each of the species in both... Problem 89AP: . In each of the following chemical equations, identify the conjugate acid-base pairs. a.... Problem 90AP Problem 91AP: . Write the conjugate base for each of the following. a. H3PO3 b. HCO3 c. HF d. H2SO4 Problem 92AP: . Of the following combinations, which would act as buffered solutions? a. HClO2 and KClO2 b. H2S... Problem 93AP Problem 94AP: . Calculate [H+] in each of the following solutions, and indicate whether the solution is acidic,... Problem 95AP Problem 96AP: . Calculate the pH corresponding to each of the pOH values listed, and indicate whether each... Problem 97AP Problem 98AP Problem 99AP Problem 100AP: . For each hydrogen or hydroxide ion concentration listed. calculate the concentration of the... Problem 101AP: . Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration, in moles per liter, for solutions with each of the... Problem 102AP Problem 103AP Problem 104AP Problem 105AP: . Write the formulas for three combinations of weak acid and salt that would act as buffered... Problem 106CP: . Choose pairs in which the species listed first is the conjugate base of the species listed second.... Problem 107CP: . Complete the table for each of the following solutions: [H+] pH pOH [OH-] 0.000 M HNO3 _____ _____... Problem 108CP: . Consider 0.25 M solutions of the following salts: NaCl. RbOC1, KI, Ba(ClO4),, and NH4NO3. For each... Problem 7ALQ
Related questions
For each of the following molecules, determine the structure of all the indicated acidic/basic functional groups at the given pH - are they in the acidic form of basic form? Then, write the total charge on each molecule at each pH.
Transcribed Image Text: HN
0.
0.
D.
H.
HN
Hd
12.0:
at
0.
NH2
HN
at pH 1.0:
pra* of conj. aud=6.0
pea of conj. a úd = 9,7
0.
0.
NH2
HO
HN
pka of conj. aid = 10.7
H.
Then, write the rotal charge on eain moleuie at each
given pH- are they in the audic form or baiu form?
of au the indic ated audii /batiu funitional groups at the
For eaun ob the following molecues, determine the structure
Definition Definition Group of atoms that shape the chemical characteristics of a molecule. The behavior of a functional group is uniform in undergoing comparable chemical reactions, regardless of the other constituents of the molecule. Functional groups aid in the classification and anticipation of reactivity of organic molecules.
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