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Draw the products of the following acid/base reactions, depict the proton exchange with electron-pushing arrows, AND circle the proper reaction arrow to indicate if reactants or products (or neither) are favoured at equilibrium. Using the provided pKa table, write all relevant pKa values (i.e. for the two reactants if available and the conjugate acid). Finally, label the acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base.

Draw the products of the following acid/base reactions, depict the proton exchange with electron-pushing arrows, AND circle the proper reaction arrow to indicate if reactants or products (or neither) are favoured at equilibrium. Using the provided pKa table, write all relevant pKa values (i.e. for the two reactants if available and the conjugate acid). Finally, label the acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base.

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Draw the products of the following acid/base reactions, depict the proton exchange with electron-pushing arrows, AND circle the proper reaction arrow to indicate if reactants or products (or neither) are favoured at equilibrium. Using the provided pKa table, write all relevant pKa values (i.e. for the two reactants if available and the conjugate acid). Finally, label the acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base.

### Chemical Reactions and Structures #### 1. Reaction 1: **Reactants:** - **Structure 1:** A compound with a benzene ring bonded to a nitrogen atom with a hydrogen (an amine group). - **Structure 2:** A compound containing a benzene ring bonded to a carbonyl group (C=O). **Arrow:** - A right-facing arrow indicates the direction of the reaction. #### 2. Reaction 2: **Reactants:** - **Structure 1:** A diketone with two carbonyl groups (C=O) on adjacent carbons. - **Structure 2:** A cyanide ion (C≡N) with a negative charge. **Arrow:** - A right-facing arrow signifies the progression of the reaction. #### 3. Reaction 3: **Reactants:** - **Structure 1:** A trifluoromethyl carbonate with a negative charge on the oxygen (tetrafluoroethene carbonate). - **Structure 2:** Formic acid with a fluorine substituent (H-C(O)OH). **Arrow:** - A right-facing arrow indicating the reaction direction. ### Explanation: Each line represents a separate reaction, with reactants shown on the left and arrows suggesting the forward movement of the reaction. The structures involve functional groups like amines, carbonyls, and cyanides, often involved in organic synthesis and reactions. This is crucial for understanding chemical transformations in organic chemistry.
Transcribed Image Text:### Chemical Reactions and Structures #### 1. Reaction 1: **Reactants:** - **Structure 1:** A compound with a benzene ring bonded to a nitrogen atom with a hydrogen (an amine group). - **Structure 2:** A compound containing a benzene ring bonded to a carbonyl group (C=O). **Arrow:** - A right-facing arrow indicates the direction of the reaction. #### 2. Reaction 2: **Reactants:** - **Structure 1:** A diketone with two carbonyl groups (C=O) on adjacent carbons. - **Structure 2:** A cyanide ion (C≡N) with a negative charge. **Arrow:** - A right-facing arrow signifies the progression of the reaction. #### 3. Reaction 3: **Reactants:** - **Structure 1:** A trifluoromethyl carbonate with a negative charge on the oxygen (tetrafluoroethene carbonate). - **Structure 2:** Formic acid with a fluorine substituent (H-C(O)OH). **Arrow:** - A right-facing arrow indicating the reaction direction. ### Explanation: Each line represents a separate reaction, with reactants shown on the left and arrows suggesting the forward movement of the reaction. The structures involve functional groups like amines, carbonyls, and cyanides, often involved in organic synthesis and reactions. This is crucial for understanding chemical transformations in organic chemistry.
The image displays a table titled "pKₐ Values" spread over two pages, listing various chemical compounds and their corresponding pKₐ values. The pKₐ value indicates the acidity level of a compound; a lower pKₐ value suggests a stronger acid. ### Left Page: Each entry in the table lists: 1. **Compound:** The chemical formula or structure. 2. **pKₐ:** The pKₐ value of the compound. ### Example Entries on the Left Page: - CH₃CH₂NH₃⁺: pKₐ = 10.7 - HI: pKₐ = -10 - HCl: pKₐ = -7 - Phenol (C₆H₅OH): pKₐ = 10.0 ### Right Page: The continuation of the table follows the same format and continues to list compounds with their respective pKₐ values. ### Example Entries on the Right Page: - Cyclopropane: pKₐ = ~50 - Acetic acid (CH₃COOH): pKₐ = 4.8 - Ammonium ion (NH₄⁺): pKₐ = 9.2 ### General Observations: - The table presents a comprehensive range of organic and inorganic acids. - It includes strong acids (e.g., H₂SO₄) with very low pKₐ values and weaker acids with higher pKₐ values. This information serves as a fundamental reference for students and professionals in chemistry, helping to assess the relative acidity of different compounds.
Transcribed Image Text:The image displays a table titled "pKₐ Values" spread over two pages, listing various chemical compounds and their corresponding pKₐ values. The pKₐ value indicates the acidity level of a compound; a lower pKₐ value suggests a stronger acid. ### Left Page: Each entry in the table lists: 1. **Compound:** The chemical formula or structure. 2. **pKₐ:** The pKₐ value of the compound. ### Example Entries on the Left Page: - CH₃CH₂NH₃⁺: pKₐ = 10.7 - HI: pKₐ = -10 - HCl: pKₐ = -7 - Phenol (C₆H₅OH): pKₐ = 10.0 ### Right Page: The continuation of the table follows the same format and continues to list compounds with their respective pKₐ values. ### Example Entries on the Right Page: - Cyclopropane: pKₐ = ~50 - Acetic acid (CH₃COOH): pKₐ = 4.8 - Ammonium ion (NH₄⁺): pKₐ = 9.2 ### General Observations: - The table presents a comprehensive range of organic and inorganic acids. - It includes strong acids (e.g., H₂SO₄) with very low pKₐ values and weaker acids with higher pKₐ values. This information serves as a fundamental reference for students and professionals in chemistry, helping to assess the relative acidity of different compounds.
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