For each research project listed here, identify the var- iables and classify them in terms of level of measure- ment, and whether they are discrete or continuous. Is each variable independent or dependent? a. For a research project in a political science course, a student collected information for 50 nations. She used infant mortality rates as a measure of quality of life and the percentage of all adults who are per- mitted to vote as a measure of democratization. Her hypothesis was that quality of life is higher in more democratic nations. b. A highway engineer wonders whether increasing the speed limit on a heavily traveled highway will result in more accidents. He plans to collect infor- mation on traffic volume, number of accidents, and number of fatalities for the six-month periods before and after the speed limit is changed. c. Students are planning a program to promote "safe sex" and awareness of other health concerns on campus. To measure the effectiveness of the pro- gram, they plan to survey students about their knowledge of safe sex practices before and after the program.

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1.6 For each research project listed here, identify the var-
iables and classify them in terms of level of measure-
ment, and whether they are discrete or continuous. Is
each variable independent or dependent?
a. For a research project in a political science course,
a student collected information for 50 nations. She
used infant mortality rates as a measure of quality
of life and the percentage of all adults who are per-
mitted to vote as a measure of democratization. Her
hypothesis was that quality of life is higher in more
democratic nations.
b. A highway engineer wonders whether increasing
the speed limit on a heavily traveled highway will
result in more accidents. He plans to collect infor-
mation on traffic volume, number of accidents,
and number of fatalities for the six-month periods
before and after the speed limit is changed.
e. Students are planning a program to promote "safe
sex" and awareness of other health concerns on
campus. To measure the effectiveness of the pro-
gram, they plan to survey students about their
knowledge of safe sex practices before and after
the program.
d. A graduate student asks 500 female students
whether they have experienced any sexual harass-
ment on campus. Each student is asked to estimate
the frequency of these incidents as either "often,
sometimes, rarely, or never." The researcher also
gathers data on age and major to see whether there
is any connection between these variables and fre-
quency of sexual harassment.
e. A supervisor in the solid waste management divi-
sion of city government is assessing two differ-
ent methods of trash collection. One area of the
city is served by trucks with two-man crews who
do "backyard" pickups, and the rest of the city is
Transcribed Image Text:1.6 For each research project listed here, identify the var- iables and classify them in terms of level of measure- ment, and whether they are discrete or continuous. Is each variable independent or dependent? a. For a research project in a political science course, a student collected information for 50 nations. She used infant mortality rates as a measure of quality of life and the percentage of all adults who are per- mitted to vote as a measure of democratization. Her hypothesis was that quality of life is higher in more democratic nations. b. A highway engineer wonders whether increasing the speed limit on a heavily traveled highway will result in more accidents. He plans to collect infor- mation on traffic volume, number of accidents, and number of fatalities for the six-month periods before and after the speed limit is changed. e. Students are planning a program to promote "safe sex" and awareness of other health concerns on campus. To measure the effectiveness of the pro- gram, they plan to survey students about their knowledge of safe sex practices before and after the program. d. A graduate student asks 500 female students whether they have experienced any sexual harass- ment on campus. Each student is asked to estimate the frequency of these incidents as either "often, sometimes, rarely, or never." The researcher also gathers data on age and major to see whether there is any connection between these variables and fre- quency of sexual harassment. e. A supervisor in the solid waste management divi- sion of city government is assessing two differ- ent methods of trash collection. One area of the city is served by trucks with two-man crews who do "backyard" pickups, and the rest of the city is
served by "high-tech" single-person trucks with
curbside pickup. The assessment measures include
the number of complaints received from the
two different areas over a six-month period, the
amount of time per day required to service each
area, and the cost per ton of trash collected.
f. Does tolerance for diversity vary by race or eth-
nicity? Samples of white, black, Asian, Hispanic,
and Native Americans have been given a survey
that measures their interest in and appreciation of
cultures other than their own.
g. States have drastically cut their budgets for men-
tal health care. Will this increase the number of
homeless people? A researcher contacts a number
of agencies serving the homeless in each state and
develops an estimate of the size of the homeless
population before and after the cuts.
h. The adult bookstore near campus has been raided
and closed by the police. Your social research class
has decided to poll a sample of students to find
out: whether he or she supports the store's closing,
how many times each has visited the store, and
whether he or she agrees that "pornography causes
sexual assaults on women." The class also collects
information on the gender, political philosophy,
and major of the students.
Transcribed Image Text:served by "high-tech" single-person trucks with curbside pickup. The assessment measures include the number of complaints received from the two different areas over a six-month period, the amount of time per day required to service each area, and the cost per ton of trash collected. f. Does tolerance for diversity vary by race or eth- nicity? Samples of white, black, Asian, Hispanic, and Native Americans have been given a survey that measures their interest in and appreciation of cultures other than their own. g. States have drastically cut their budgets for men- tal health care. Will this increase the number of homeless people? A researcher contacts a number of agencies serving the homeless in each state and develops an estimate of the size of the homeless population before and after the cuts. h. The adult bookstore near campus has been raided and closed by the police. Your social research class has decided to poll a sample of students to find out: whether he or she supports the store's closing, how many times each has visited the store, and whether he or she agrees that "pornography causes sexual assaults on women." The class also collects information on the gender, political philosophy, and major of the students.
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