For each of the structures listed below identify the class of lipids to which it belongs (fatty acid type Triacylglycerol, phospholipid, cholesterol, cholesterylester, bileacid) Identify teh hydrophobic and hydophylic portions of each structure by drawing circle. finally identify one food item (not a food group) that likely to contain these lipids. The image contains chemical structures of different molecules, likely representing fatty acids and phospholipids. Here's a detailed transcription:1. **First Structure**: - This is a fatty acid chain with a hydroxyl group (HO) at one end. - It includes a double bond, suggesting it's an unsaturated fatty acid. The chain is drawn in a zigzag formation.2. **Second Structure**: - Another fatty acid chain, likely saturated as no double bonds are shown. - The terminal end consists of a carbonyl group (C=O).3. **Third Structure**: - This is a phospholipid structure. - It consists of two fatty acid chains (R₁-CO-O-CH₂ and R₂-CO-CH) linked to a glycerol backbone. - A phosphate group (P=O with a -O-CH₂ bridge) connected to a choline group (N⁺(CH₃)₃).4. **Fourth Structure**: - This structure has a phospholipid backbone. - Two fatty acid chains are attached (R₂-C=O and R₁-C=O). - A phosphate group is linked to an inositol ring (a six-membered ring with hydroxyl groups).These structures represent components of cell membranes and energy storage molecules in biology. The image contains four chemical structures, which are likely representations of biological molecules commonly studied in organic and biochemistry.1. **Triglyceride Structure:** - This is a structural representation of a triglyceride, a type of lipid. The image shows three fatty acid chains (hydrocarbon chains) esterified to a glycerol backbone. The hydrocarbon chains contain a series of CH₂ groups, ending with CH₃ groups, and are depicted as zigzag lines indicating carbon-carbon bonds.2. **Steroid Structure:** - This structure represents a steroid molecule, characterized by four fused rings (three cyclohexane rings and one cyclopentane ring). The diagram includes hydroxyl (OH) groups, a carbonyl group (C=O), and various hydrogen atoms attached to the core structure. The presence of functional groups and the specific arrangement of atoms differentiates different types of steroids.3. **Cholesterol Structure:** - The chemical structure depicted shows cholesterol, another type of lipid. It consists of a hydroxyl group (OH), several methyl groups (CH₃), and a hydrocarbon tail. The multi-ring structure is typical for sterols, with three six-membered rings and one five-membered ring.4. **Long-Chain Lipid Structure:** - This chemical structure shows a long-chain lipid with an ester linkage (C=O). It contains a side chain of repeating CH₂ units and a terminal CH₃ group. The lipid head includes a hydroxyl group (OH) and hydrocarbon tail typical of lipid molecules.These chemical structures illustrate the diversity and complexity of lipids, which play crucial roles in biological systems, including energy storage, membrane structure, and signaling.

Answered: For each of the structures listed below…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Question

For each of the structures listed below identify the class of lipids to which it belongs (fatty acid type Triacylglycerol, phospholipid, cholesterol, cholesterylester, bileacid) Identify teh hydrophobic and hydophylic portions of each structure by drawing circle. finally identify one food item (not a food group) that likely to contain these lipids.

The image contains chemical structures of different molecules, likely representing fatty acids and phospholipids. Here's a detailed transcription:

1. **First Structure**:
- This is a fatty acid chain with a hydroxyl group (HO) at one end.
- It includes a double bond, suggesting it's an unsaturated fatty acid. The chain is drawn in a zigzag formation.

2. **Second Structure**:
- Another fatty acid chain, likely saturated as no double bonds are shown.
- The terminal end consists of a carbonyl group (C=O).

3. **Third Structure**:
- This is a phospholipid structure.
- It consists of two fatty acid chains (R₁-CO-O-CH₂ and R₂-CO-CH) linked to a glycerol backbone.
- A phosphate group (P=O with a -O-CH₂ bridge) connected to a choline group (N⁺(CH₃)₃).

4. **Fourth Structure**:
- This structure has a phospholipid backbone.
- Two fatty acid chains are attached (R₂-C=O and R₁-C=O).
- A phosphate group is linked to an inositol ring (a six-membered ring with hydroxyl groups).

These structures represent components of cell membranes and energy storage molecules in biology.

The image contains four chemical structures, which are likely representations of biological molecules commonly studied in organic and biochemistry.

1. **Triglyceride Structure:**
- This is a structural representation of a triglyceride, a type of lipid. The image shows three fatty acid chains (hydrocarbon chains) esterified to a glycerol backbone. The hydrocarbon chains contain a series of CH₂ groups, ending with CH₃ groups, and are depicted as zigzag lines indicating carbon-carbon bonds.

2. **Steroid Structure:**
- This structure represents a steroid molecule, characterized by four fused rings (three cyclohexane rings and one cyclopentane ring). The diagram includes hydroxyl (OH) groups, a carbonyl group (C=O), and various hydrogen atoms attached to the core structure. The presence of functional groups and the specific arrangement of atoms differentiates different types of steroids.

3. **Cholesterol Structure:**
- The chemical structure depicted shows cholesterol, another type of lipid. It consists of a hydroxyl group (OH), several methyl groups (CH₃), and a hydrocarbon tail. The multi-ring structure is typical for sterols, with three six-membered rings and one five-membered ring.

4. **Long-Chain Lipid Structure:**
- This chemical structure shows a long-chain lipid with an ester linkage (C=O). It contains a side chain of repeating CH₂ units and a terminal CH₃ group. The lipid head includes a hydroxyl group (OH) and hydrocarbon tail typical of lipid molecules.

These chemical structures illustrate the diversity and complexity of lipids, which play crucial roles in biological systems, including energy storage, membrane structure, and signaling.

Expert Solution

Step 1

Lipids are biomolecules that do not have a fixed chemical structure like carbohydrates or amino acids. They are a chemically diverse group of compounds. But every lipid has two common characteristics:

low solubility in water.
high solubility in organic solvents.

Lipids include Fatty acids(carboxylic acids with long hydrocarbon chains), triglycerides(fatty acid esters of glycerol) and waxes(long chains of saturated/unsaturated fatty acids and long-chain alcohols).

Phospholipids such as glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids and sterols are amphipathic molecules, ie, they have a polar region(the head) and a non-polar region(the tail) within the same molecule.

Cholesterol associates with sphingolipids on the outer leaflet of the lipid bilayer to form microdomains called lipid rafts. These rafts are anchoring points of integral proteins. The rafts moves freely in the 'sea' of lipids. By being present on the lipid rafts, the integral protein maximise their chances of collision with their ligands. Also, cholesterol maintain the fluidity of the lipid bilayer.

Cholesteryl ester are esters of cholesterol and fatty acids and bile acids are polar derivatives of sterol nucleus.