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FIND THE PERCENTAGE YIELD, and include the moles of the reaction (part 1)

FIND THE PERCENTAGE YIELD, and include the moles of the reaction (part 1)

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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FIND THE PERCENTAGE YIELD, and include the moles of the reaction (part 1)

 

 

### Synthesis of p-Bromoaniline from Aniline This educational module covers the synthesis of p-bromoaniline through a three-step process starting with aniline. #### Equation 1: The first step involves the bromination of aniline. Aniline reacts with bromine (\(Br_2\)) to form 2,4,6-tribromoaniline as well as mono- and disubstituted products. - **Reactant:** Aniline (C6H5NH2) - **Reagent:** Bromine (Br2) - **Products:** 2,4,6-tribromoaniline and other brominated aniline derivatives #### Equation 2: In the second step, aniline reacts with acetic anhydride to perform acetylation, forming acetanilide. - **Reactants:** Aniline (C6H5NH2) and Acetic Anhydride - **Product:** Acetanilide (C6H5NH(COCH3)) #### Equation 3: The third step is the bromination of acetanilide. Acetanilide reacts with bromine (\(Br_2\)) to produce p-bromoacetanilide. - **Reactant:** Acetanilide - **Reagent:** Bromine (Br2) - **Product:** p-Bromoacetanilide #### Equation 4: The final step involves acid hydrolysis of p-bromoacetanilide to form p-bromoaniline. - **Reactant:** p-Bromoacetanilide - **Process:** Acid Hydrolysis - **Product:** p-Bromoaniline (C6H4BrNH2) This series of reactions shows the transformation of aniline to p-bromoaniline through bromination, acetylation, further bromination, and finally, hydrolysis.
Transcribed Image Text:### Synthesis of p-Bromoaniline from Aniline This educational module covers the synthesis of p-bromoaniline through a three-step process starting with aniline. #### Equation 1: The first step involves the bromination of aniline. Aniline reacts with bromine (\(Br_2\)) to form 2,4,6-tribromoaniline as well as mono- and disubstituted products. - **Reactant:** Aniline (C6H5NH2) - **Reagent:** Bromine (Br2) - **Products:** 2,4,6-tribromoaniline and other brominated aniline derivatives #### Equation 2: In the second step, aniline reacts with acetic anhydride to perform acetylation, forming acetanilide. - **Reactants:** Aniline (C6H5NH2) and Acetic Anhydride - **Product:** Acetanilide (C6H5NH(COCH3)) #### Equation 3: The third step is the bromination of acetanilide. Acetanilide reacts with bromine (\(Br_2\)) to produce p-bromoacetanilide. - **Reactant:** Acetanilide - **Reagent:** Bromine (Br2) - **Product:** p-Bromoacetanilide #### Equation 4: The final step involves acid hydrolysis of p-bromoacetanilide to form p-bromoaniline. - **Reactant:** p-Bromoacetanilide - **Process:** Acid Hydrolysis - **Product:** p-Bromoaniline (C6H4BrNH2) This series of reactions shows the transformation of aniline to p-bromoaniline through bromination, acetylation, further bromination, and finally, hydrolysis.
**Part 1:** **Running the Reaction:** - 2.0 mL concentrated hydrochloric acid and 50 mL of water were placed in a 125 mL flask. - 2.3 mL of aniline were added and the mixture swirled until everything dissolved. - 3.1 mL of acetic anhydride were added and stirred until it dissolved. - A solution of 3.8 g of sodium acetate in 10 mL water was added immediately. - The mixture was stirred for 5 minutes and then placed in an ice bath. **Product Isolation:** - The beige solids were isolated using a vacuum filtration with a small Büchner funnel, washed with 5 mL of ice-cold water, and then air sucked through the solids for 10 minutes. - The crude was dissolved in 12 mL of hot water and 0.5 g of charcoal was added. - After boiling the mixture for 10 minutes, the hot solution was filtered using fluted filter paper. - Off-white crystals appeared in the flask upon cooling; the crystals were isolated by vacuum filtration and dried. **Product Characterization:** - 2.30 g of the product. - Melting point: 113.0-113.7 °C.
Transcribed Image Text:**Part 1:** **Running the Reaction:** - 2.0 mL concentrated hydrochloric acid and 50 mL of water were placed in a 125 mL flask. - 2.3 mL of aniline were added and the mixture swirled until everything dissolved. - 3.1 mL of acetic anhydride were added and stirred until it dissolved. - A solution of 3.8 g of sodium acetate in 10 mL water was added immediately. - The mixture was stirred for 5 minutes and then placed in an ice bath. **Product Isolation:** - The beige solids were isolated using a vacuum filtration with a small Büchner funnel, washed with 5 mL of ice-cold water, and then air sucked through the solids for 10 minutes. - The crude was dissolved in 12 mL of hot water and 0.5 g of charcoal was added. - After boiling the mixture for 10 minutes, the hot solution was filtered using fluted filter paper. - Off-white crystals appeared in the flask upon cooling; the crystals were isolated by vacuum filtration and dried. **Product Characterization:** - 2.30 g of the product. - Melting point: 113.0-113.7 °C.
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