Figure: Three Firms Price of fleh MSC Reference: Ref 19-2 Quantity of Rah eaught (Figure: Three Firms) A small city has three firms responsible for emitting pollution and the marginal benefit of the individual polluters is shown in the accompanying figure. If each company is only allowed to emit 300 tons of pollution per day, which company will be most adversely affected? Firm A Firm B O Firm C They are equally affected.

Figure: Three Firms Price of fleh MSC Reference: Ref 19-2 Quantity of Rah eaught (Figure: Three Firms) A small city has three firms responsible for emitting pollution and the marginal benefit of the individual polluters is shown in the accompanying figure. If each company is only allowed to emit 300 tons of pollution per day, which company will be most adversely affected? Firm A Firm B O Firm C They are equally affected.

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

14th Edition

ISBN:9780190931919

Author:NEWNAN

Publisher:NEWNAN

Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1QTC

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firms matter for efficiency? Explain. 9. There are three industrial firms in Happy Valley. Initial Pollution Cost of Reducing Firm Level Pollution by 1 Unit A 30 units $20 В 40 units $30 C 20 units $10 The government wants to reduce pollution to 60 units, so it gives each firm 20 tradable pollution permits. a. Who sells permits and how many do they sell? Who buys permits and how many do they buy? Briefly explain why the sellers and buyers are each willing to do so. What is the total cost of pollution reduction in this situation? b. How much higher would the costs of pollution reduction be if the permits could not be traded? Answers
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500 450 The graph on the right may help in answering question 25 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 O 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 Quantity Demand MC Exter nality MC private MC Social A competitive tire manufacturing industry spews emissions into the air at47 per tire a marginal cost of 1.5-q, where q is the quantity of tires produced per month (in thousands). The industry marginal cost, excluding the cost of emissions (private marginal cost), is 4 + 4•q, expressed in $ per tire. The inverse demand curve for tires is p = 480 - 3-q, also expressed in $ per tire. In order to achieve the socially efficient level of tire production, which takes into account the optimal level of air pollution, the government levies a tax on the industry. What is the efficient pollution tax? $84 per tire $101 per tire $152 per tire Price
4 This is a graph reprinted from Section 12.1 the Economics of Pollution. Please explain the graph with particular attention paid to why there are two supply curves. How can a government use this graph to establish pollution controls?
ģi Refer to the table below, which presents information on a market that provides positive externalities on society. Private marginal benefit Marginal cost $300,000 $340,000 $310,000 $330,000 $320,000 $320,000 $330,000 $310,000 $340,000 $300,000 $350,000 $290,000 Calculate the quantity that would be produced if society did not incorporate the social marginal benefits of this good or service. Type your answer... Quantity 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 F1 a 2 W JAN X Q 18 F2 # 3 20 F3 F $ 4 F4 R % 5 F5 T MacBook Air A 6 F6 Y & 887 stv F7 U * 00 8 FB O ( 9 Private+social marginal benefit $360,000 $350,000 $340,000 $330,000 $320,000 $310,000 F9 1 W 0 F10 Aa zoom P F11 Submit F12 = IT ľ
2:28 PM Sun Nov 20 ☎77% + gnment... Submit
3. Some have argued that diversity in communities and schools leads to positive externalities. What implications does this view have for the efficiency of a Tiebout equilibrium? What implications does it have for government policy?
5. The marginal benefits (MB) and marginal damage costs (MD) for daily particulate air pollution in East St. Louis, Illinois are given in the following figure: $ per pound per day 2 MB MD 1 Pounds 1,000 2,000 per day a. What is the efficient level of pollution in pounds per day? Explain. b. If East St. Louis imposes an absolute ban on particulate pollution, how large would be the deadweight loss? (Be quantitative.) c. If instead of an absolute ban, the city levels a Pigouvian tax on polluters, how large should it be per pound per day to achieve efficiency? What will be the total revenues to the government? What will be the gain or loss to residents compared to the absolute ban? What will be the after tax gain or loss to polluters compared to the absolute ban? d. If instead of an absolute ban, the right to be free of pollution is given to the residents and they are allowed to bargain with the polluters, what level of pollution will Coase expect to be bargained between polluters and…
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5. Which of the following best describes the issuance of permits to pollute as a way of influencing the amount of pollution? Permits to pollute: a. encourage business to pollute.b. should be purchased by those whose pollution is the least expensive to eliminate.c. should be purchased by those whose pollution is the most expensive to eliminate.d. are preferable over taxes because they can be limited to exactly the efficient amount of pollution.