FIGURE 9.7 Making CDNA from Eukaryotic mRNA In order for eukaryotic genes to be expressed by a prokaryotic cell, a copy of DNA without introns must be Intron Intron Eukaryotic DNA cloned. The CDNA encodes the same Eukaryotic cell DNA protein as the original DNA but lacks introns. Transcription of eukaryotic DNA generates pre-MRNA. MRNA Pre-mRNA Splicing removes the introns from the pre-MRNA, generating mRNA. MRNA MRNA extracted from cells MRNA Isolated Reverse transcriptase synthesizes DNA from MRNA. (isolated) MRNA CDNA Single strand of CDNA DNA polymerase completes the CDNA, free of introns. Double-stranded CDNA

Q: Why is it that pre-mRNAs are capped, but tRNAs and rRNAs are not?

A: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule important in various biological roles such as…

Q: What is the general effect of methylation of a genomics region on transcription?

A: DNA methylation is a biochemical process involving the addition of methyl groups to the Dna strand.…

Q: Describe how cDNA is made.

A: A cDNA or complementary DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is produced from ssRNAs (single-stranded…

Q: What could be the effect  of a base substitution which prevents post-transcriptional removal of an…

A: A base substitution is a genetic mutation where a single nucleotide base is changed in the sequence…

Q: Does RNA polymerase binds tightly to promoter DNA?

A: Genes include instructions for making proteins. They do not, though, produce proteins directly.…

Q: How far apart are transcription bubbles on E. coli genes that are being transcribed at a maximal…

A: The transcription bubble is an area of unpaired bases on one of the uncovered DNA strands. The…

Q: Is the transcription of RNA from a DNA template perfect?

A:

Q: What would you expect to happen if you delete an important portion of a promoter?

A: Promoters are immediately upstream from the gene and play a crucial role in determining whether…

Q: how can you find genes that are cotranscribed on a single mRNA?

A: Operon model: it had been given by jacob and Monod. this can be only applicable in prokaryotes as in…

Q: What are three similarities and three differences between Chromatin Remodeling and microRNAs?

A: Chromatin remodelling is basically chemical modification of the chromatin structure for uncoiling…

Q: Patients suffering from PKU cannot properly catabolize: A、Pterin B、Phenylalanine C、Proline…

A: Phenylketonuria : PKU Asked : Patient with PKU can't catabolise which of the given compound.

Q: What proteins bind to a promoter?

A: The regulation of gene expression at promoter regions involves a complex interplay of diverse…

Q: How many types of promoters are there?

A: Promoters are DNA sequences that determine where the gene transcription by RNA polymerase begins.…

Q: a) What is a gene promoter? b) What proteins bind to a promoter? c) What do those proteins do to…

A: a) A gene promoter is a region of DNA located at the beginning of a gene sequence. It serves as a…

Q: What would happen if an intron wasn't taken out before translation? And are there

A: DNA contains many sequences such as promoters, introns and exons. Some sequences in DNA are supposed…

Q: Why is the genome contained within a membrane?

A: A genome is a complete set of "genetic information" in an organism. It stores all of the information…

Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.